SUGAR AND OXYGEN METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN DURING AND AFTER INSULIN HYPOGLYCEMIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIUS LOMAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals 15O Radioactivity Clearance is Faster after Intracarotid Bolus Injection of 15O-Labeled Oxyhemoglobin than after 15O-Water Injection

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Seki ◽  
Jeff Kershaw ◽  
Paule-Joanne Toussaint ◽  
Kenichi Kashikura ◽  
Tetsuya Matsuura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Finite Period ◽  
The Brain

The authors tested the hypothesis that the oxygen content of brain tissue is negligible by injecting an intracarotid bolus of 15O-labeled tracer into rats. Under the hypothesis, the clearance rates of 15O radioactivity from the brain after injections of both 15O-labeled water (H215O) and 15O-labeled oxyhemoglobin (HbO15O) should be identical. However, the logarithmic slope of the 15O radioactivity curve after HbO15O injection (0.494 ± 0.071 min-1) was steeper than that after H215O injection (0.406 ± 0.038 min−1) ( P<0.001, n = 13), where the time range used in the comparison was between 60 and 120 seconds after the injection. A possible interpretation of this result is that nonmetabolized O15O may dwell in the brain tissue for a finite period of time before it is eventually metabolized or returned to the blood stream unaltered. These findings contradict assumptions made by models currently used to measure cerebral oxygen metabolism.

scholarly journals PET studies of changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism after unilateral microembolization of the brain in anesthetized dogs.

Stroke ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Weyne ◽  
G De Ley ◽  
G Demeester ◽  
C Vandecasteele ◽  
F L Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Brain

Generalized decrease in brain glucose metabolism during fasting in humans studied by PET

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. E805-E810 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Redies ◽  
L. J. Hoffer ◽  
C. Beil ◽  
E. B. Marliss ◽  
A. C. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
The Brain

In prolonged fasting, the brain derives a large portion of its oxidative energy from the ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, thereby reducing whole body glucose consumption. Energy substrate utilization differs regionally in the brain of fasting rat, but comparable information has hitherto been unavailable in humans. We used positron emission tomography (PET) to study regional brain glucose and oxygen metabolism, blood flow, and blood volume in four obese subjects before and after a 3-wk total fast. Whole brain glucose utilization fell to 54% of control (postabsorptive) values (P less than 0.002). The whole brain rate constant for glucose tracer phosphorylation fell to 51% of control values (P less than 0.002). Both parameters decreased uniformly throughout the brain. The 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose lumped constant decreased from a control value of 0.57 to 0.43 (P less than 0.01). Regional blood-brain barrier transfer coefficients for glucose tracer, regional oxygen utilization, blood flow, and blood volume were unchanged.

scholarly journals Impaired response of cerebral oxygen metabolism to visual stimulation in Huntington’s disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2094928
Author(s):  
Peter Klinkmueller ◽  
Martin Kronenbuerger ◽  
Xinyuan Miao ◽  
Jee Bang ◽  
Kia E Ultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Triplet Repeat Expansion ◽  
The Brain

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG triplet repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene. Metabolic and microvascular abnormalities in the brain may contribute to early physiological changes that subserve the functional impairments in HD. This study is intended to investigate potential abnormality in dynamic changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in the brain in response to functional stimulation in premanifest and early manifest HD patients. A recently developed 3-D-TRiple-acquisition-after-Inversion-Preparation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach was used to measure dynamic responses in CBV, CBF, and CMRO2 during visual stimulation in one single MRI scan. Experiments were conducted in 23 HD patients and 16 healthy controls. Decreased occipital cortex CMRO2 responses were observed in premanifest and early manifest HD patients compared to controls ( P < 0.001), correlating with the CAG-Age Product scores in these patients ( R2 = 0.4, P = 0.001). The results suggest the potential value of this reduced CMRO2 response during visual stimulation as a biomarker for HD and may illuminate the role of metabolic alterations in the pathophysiology of HD.

scholarly journals Comparison of neuroglobin expression in the retina of Tibetan sheep (Ovis ammon or argali ) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries )

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 6512-2021
Author(s):  
XIAOHUA DU ◽  
XIA LIU ◽  
JAMES BLACKAR MAWOLO
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Ovis Ammon ◽  
The Brain

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a member of the globin member that is mainly expressed in the brain and retina. The expression in the retina is greater than it is in the brain because of the high demand for oxygen by the retina. This protein reversibly binds oxygen and is involved in oxygen transport or protection against oxidative stress. The study aims to explore the pattern of Ngb expression in Tibetan sheep (Ovis ammon or argali ) living in a plateau region and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) dwelling on low land. The study also provides detailed insight into the morphological characteristics of Ngb distribution closely related to oxygen metabolism in the retina of Tibetan and domestic sheep. Immunohistochemical staining procedures were performed to detect the Ngb protein expression in the retinae of both sheep, while the Inter’s integrated performance primitives (IPP) semi-quantitative analysis was employed to compare the quantities of Ngb expressed in the retinae of the two types of sheep. The outer nuclear layer and the outer segment of the photoreceptor showed a negative Ngb expression, while a weak positive expression was observed in the inner core layer and ganglion cell layer, while a strong positive expression was found in the other layers. The independent T-test revealed that the expression intensity in the nerve fiber layer, inner and outer plexus layers, inner segment of the photoreceptor, and superior pigment cortex were significantly higher in the Tibetan sheep as compared to the domestic sheep. The overall Ngb expression in the Tibetan sheep was higher than the domestic sheep. The study emphasized that the different Ngb expression in the Tibetan and domestic sheep may influence their adaptation to the respective environments. The stronger Ngb expression in the retina of Tibetan sheep may indicate that Ngb is closely related to the oxygen metabolism of these animals and has a function during oxygen transport.

scholarly journals Concurrent tissue oxymetry and blood flowmetry to assess the effect of drugs on cerebral oxygen metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5552-5555
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Blood Flowmetry ◽  
The Brain

An Oxylite/LDF system (Oxford Optronix, UK) driven by a sensor made of optical fibres for the tissue oxygen tension (pO2) and for the Laser Doppler Blood Flow (BF) was implemented. This has allowed pO2 and BF real time measurements in discrete brain areas of anaesthetised rats that were then challenged with exogenous oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results gathered were compared with data obtained following treatment with drugs that have excitatory influence upon the brain activity such as amphetamine or with a central nervous system (CNS) depressant such as CI-966. Altogether these experiments support the methodology for in vivo investigation of pharmacological effects on cerebral oxygen metabolism and could provide new understandings on the effects of psychostimulants and anticonvulsants on selected brain regions.

Neural activation in the brain with uncoupling between blood flow and oxygen metabolism

NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamauchi ◽  
Hidehiko Okazawa ◽  
Kanji Sugimoto ◽  
Masaaki Takahashi ◽  
Yoshihiko Kishibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
The Brain
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