Roles of Gastrointestinal and Adipose Tissue Peptides in Childhood Obesity and Changes After Weight Loss Due to Lifestyle Intervention

It remains unclear whether intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) has any metabolic influence or whether it is merely a marker of abnormalities, as well as what are the effects of specific lifestyle strategies for weight loss on the dynamics of both IMAT and thigh muscle area (TMA). We followed the trajectory of IMAT and TMA during 18-mo lifestyle intervention among 278 sedentary participants with abdominal obesity, using magnetic resonance imaging. We measured the resting metabolic rate (RMR) by an indirect calorimeter. Among 273 eligible participants (47.8 ± 9.3 yr of age), the mean IMAT was 9.6 ± 4.6 cm2. Baseline IMAT levels were directly correlated with waist circumference, abdominal subdepots, C-reactive protein, and leptin and inversely correlated with baseline TMA and creatinine ( P < 0.05 for all). After 18 mo (86.3% adherence), both IMAT (−1.6%) and TMA (−3.3%) significantly decreased ( P < 0.01 vs. baseline). The changes in both IMAT and TMA were similar across the lifestyle intervention groups and directly corresponded with moderate weight loss ( P < 0.001). IMAT change did not remain independently associated with decreased abdominal subdepots or improved cardiometabolic parameters after adjustments for age, sex, and 18-mo weight loss. In similar models, 18-mo TMA loss remained associated with decreased RMR, decreased activity, and with increased fasting glucose levels and IMAT ( P < 0.05 for all). Unlike other fat depots, IMAT may not represent a unique or specific adipose tissue, instead largely reflecting body weight change per se. Moderate weight loss induced a significant decrease in thigh muscle area, suggesting the importance of resistance training to accompany weight loss programs.

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Insulin resistance, systemic and regional inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue during weight loss in a population with obesity

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.63.p595 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Frederique Van de Velde ◽

Margriet Ouwens ◽

Arsene-Helene Batens ◽

Samyah Shadid ◽

Bruno Lapauw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

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742-P: Magnitude of A1C Improvement in Relation to Weight Loss after Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Real-World Diabetes Practice: Thirteen Years of Observation

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-742-p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 742-P

Author(s):

AHMED H. ELDIB ◽

SHAHEEN TOMAH ◽

ADHAM MOTTALIB ◽

SAHAR ASHRAFZADEH ◽

OSAMA HAMDY

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Real World ◽

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

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2032-P: Adipose Tissue Inflammation after Weight Loss

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-2032-p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2032-P

Author(s):

ANA E. ESPINOSA DE YCAZA ◽

ESBEN SØNDERGAARD ◽

MARIA MORGAN-BATHKE ◽

DANAE A. DELIVANIS ◽

BARBARA G. CARRANZA LEON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽

Tissue Inflammation

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long-term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726764681.793523664 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Marleen van Baak

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Wearable Technology

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role for adipose tissue in weight regain after weight loss.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.731249318.793536983 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

David Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Regain

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Bariatric Surgery vs Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Treatment: 5-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Trial

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 866-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anita P Courcoulas ◽

James W Gallagher ◽

Rebecca H Neiberg ◽

Emily B Eagleton ◽

James P DeLany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

The United States ◽

Diabetes Remission ◽

University Of Pittsburgh ◽

Lifestyle Treatment ◽

Surgical Treatments ◽

The University

Abstract Context Questions remain about bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Objective Compare the remission of T2DM following surgical or nonsurgical treatments. Design, setting, and participants Randomized controlled trial at the University of Pittsburgh, in the United States. Five-year follow-up from February 2015 until June 2016. Interventions 61 participants with obesity and T2DM who were initially randomized to either bariatric surgical treatments (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding [LAGB]) or an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention (LWLI) program for 1 year. Lower level lifestyle weight loss interventions (LLLIs) were then delivered for 4 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Diabetes remission assessed at 5 years. Results The mean age of the patients was 47 ± 6.6 years, 82% were women, and 21% African American. Mean hemoglobin A1c level 7.8% ± 1.9%, body mass index (BMI) 35.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2, and 26 participants (43%) had BMI < 35 kg/m2. Partial or complete T2DM remission was achieved by 30% (n = 6) of RYGB, 19% (n = 4) of LAGB, and no LWLI participants (P = .0208). At 5 years those in the RYGB group had the largest percentage of individuals (56%) not requiring any medications for T2DM compared with those in the LAGB (45%) and LWLI (0%) groups (P = .0065). Mean reductions in percent body weight at 5 years was the greatest after RYGB 25.2% ± 2.1%, followed by LAGB 12.7% ± 2.0% and lifestyle treatment 5.1% ± 2.5% (all pairwise P < .01). Conclusions Surgical treatments are more effective than lifestyle intervention alone for T2DM treatment.

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Return on Investment: Medical Savings of an Employer‐Sponsored Digital Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, Weight Loss

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.23117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 654-661

Author(s):

Cecelia M. Horstman ◽

Donna H. Ryan ◽

Louis J. Aronne ◽

Caroline M. Apovian ◽

John P. Foreyt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

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Profiling of Adipose and Skeletal Muscle in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Reveals Distinct Gene Profiles with Convergent Pathways

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13081975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1975

Author(s):

Ashok Narasimhan ◽

Xiaoling Zhong ◽

Ernie P. Au ◽

Eugene P. Ceppa ◽

Atilla Nakeeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gene Profiling ◽

Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Distinct Gene ◽

Gene Profiles ◽

Age Related ◽

Ion Proton ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The vast majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia. Although cachexia results from concurrent loss of adipose and muscle tissue, most studies focus on muscle alone. Emerging data demonstrate the prognostic value of fat loss in cachexia. Here we sought to identify the muscle and adipose gene profiles and pathways regulated in cachexia. Matched rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained at surgery from patients with benign conditions (n = 11) and patients with PDAC (n = 24). Self-reported weight loss and body composition measurements defined cachexia status. Gene profiling was done using ion proton sequencing. Results were queried against external datasets for validation. 961 DE genes were identified from muscle and 2000 from adipose tissue, demonstrating greater response of adipose than muscle. In addition to known cachexia genes such as FOXO1, novel genes from muscle, including PPP1R8 and AEN correlated with cancer weight loss. All the adipose correlated genes including SCGN and EDR17 are novel for PDAC cachexia. Pathway analysis demonstrated shared pathways but largely non-overlapping genes in both tissues. Age related muscle loss predominantly had a distinct gene profiles compared to cachexia. This analysis of matched, externally validate gene expression points to novel targets in cachexia.

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