Tracing HIV-Infected Blood Recipients: Large-Scale Recipient Screening vs Look-Back Testing

JAMA ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambrose T. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Back Testing ◽  
Look Back

scholarly journals The Virmos Project

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-492
Author(s):  
D. MacCagni ◽  
O. Le Fèvre ◽  
G. Vettolani ◽  
D. Mancini ◽  
J.P. Picat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Field Imaging ◽  
Wide Field Imaging

Large and deep spectroscopic samples of galaxies are essential to study galaxies and large scale structure evolution out to look-back times ~ 10% the current age of the vmiverse. Keeping this scientific and observational goal in mind, we designed and are presently building two wide-field imaging spectrographs to be installed at the Nasmyth foci of the ESO-VLT Unit Telescopes 3 and 4.

MOHAMMAD GHOLI MAJD, Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and the Ulama in Iran (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000). Pp. 426. $49.95 cloth.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-156
Author(s):  
Afshin Marashi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Look Back ◽  
History Of

If the history of the Middle East in the 20th century is a history of fundamental social changes and dislocations, then surely one important part of that story is the transformation that took place in the agrarian sector of many Middle Eastern societies. The politics of landownership and the projects of land reform in the 20th century were indeed among the most ambitious of the statist projects undertaken during what we can now look back on as the “age of modernization.” Like so many large-scale projects of social engineering, land reform in the Middle East captured the optimism and idealism of modernization while producing some of its most brutal and unforeseen consequences.

scholarly journals A comprehensive RNA handling and transcriptomics guide for high-throughput processing of Plasmodium blood-stage samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kucharski ◽  
Jaishree Tripathi ◽  
Sourav Nayak ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Grennady Wirjanata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Human Haemoglobin ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Rna

Abstract Background Sequencing technology advancements opened new opportunities to use transcriptomics for studying malaria pathology and epidemiology. Even though in recent years the study of whole parasite transcriptome proved to be essential in understanding parasite biology there is no compiled up-to-date reference protocol for the efficient generation of transcriptome data from growing number of samples. Here, a comprehensive methodology on how to preserve, extract, amplify, and sequence full-length mRNA transcripts from Plasmodium-infected blood samples is presented that can be fully streamlined for high-throughput studies. Results The utility of various commercially available RNA-preserving reagents in a range of storage conditions was evaluated. Similarly, several RNA extraction protocols were compared and the one most suitable method for the extraction of high-quality total RNA from low-parasitaemia and low-volume blood samples was established. Furthermore, the criteria needed to evaluate the quality and integrity of Plasmodium RNA in the presence of human RNA was updated. Optimization of SMART-seq2 amplification method to better suit AT-rich Plasmodium falciparum RNA samples allowed us to generate high-quality transcriptomes from as little as 10 ng of total RNA and a lower parasitaemia limit of 0.05%. Finally, a modified method for depletion of unwanted human haemoglobin transcripts using in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 treatment was designed, thus improving parasite transcriptome coverage in low parasitaemia samples. To prove the functionality of the pipeline for both laboratory and field strains, the highest  2-hour resolution RNA-seq transcriptome for P. falciparum 3D7 intraerythrocytic life cycle available to  date was generated, and the entire protocol was applied to create the largest transcriptome data from Southeast Asian field isolates. Conclusions Overall, the presented methodology is an inclusive pipeline for generation of good quality transcriptomic data from a diverse range of Plasmodium-infected blood samples with varying parasitaemia and RNA inputs. The flexibility of this pipeline to be adapted to robotic handling will facilitate both small and large-scale future transcriptomic studies in the field of malaria.

Postscript

2021 ◽  
pp. 411-422
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Safety Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

This chapter reveals some of the major changes in the European and UK regulatory framework following the UK leaving the EU (Brexit), public health consequences of the supply of infected blood products, and the Covid-19 pandemic. It covers issues that occurred after Brexit, the independent medicines and medical devices safety review, and the UK blood enquiry. It also mentions the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) that became the UK’s standalone regulator of medicines and medical devices since 1 January 2021, acting independently in joint work with other international regulators. The chapter elaborates on the UK’s intention to develop a new regulatory framework for medical devices that reflect the Independent Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Review published in July 2020. It highlights the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO) on developing potential Covid-19 treatments by facilitating large-scale clinical trials.

Full Power Back-to-Back Test Platform for Large Scale Electrical-Excited Direct Driven Wind Turbine

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1733-1737
Author(s):  
Shuai Yan ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
An Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Advance Technology ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Back Testing ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Full Power

To solve the problem about prototype development of electrical-excited power conversion system of large-scale direct-driven wind turbine and the test challenges during mass-production, advance technology solutions by full power back-to-back testing, focusing on the electrical topology including the key technologies and the working modes. Finally, introduce the relevant standards and the test methods in pilot project, listing part of test results and their analysis.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive RNA Handling and Transcriptomics Guide for High-Throughput Processing of Plasmodium Blood-Stage Samples.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kucharski ◽  
Jaishree Tripathi ◽  
Sourav Nayak ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Grennady Wirjanata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Rna

Abstract BackgroundSequencing technology advancements opened new opportunities to use transcriptomics for studying malaria pathology and epidemiology. Even though in recent years the study of whole parasite transcriptome proved to be essential in understanding parasite biology there is no compiled up-to-date reference protocol for the efficient generation of transcriptome data from growing number of samples. Here, we present a comprehensive methodology on how to preserve, extract, amplify, and sequence full-length mRNA transcripts from Plasmodium-infected blood samples that can be fully streamlined for high-throughput studies.Results We evaluated the utility of various commercially available RNA-preserving reagents in a range of storage conditions. Similarly, we compared several RNA extraction protocols and established the one most suitable for the extraction of high-quality total RNA from low-parasitemia and low-volume blood samples. Furthermore, we updated the criteria needed to evaluate the quality and integrity of Plasmodium RNA in the presence of human RNA. Optimization of SMART-seq2 amplification method to better suit AT-rich P. falciparum RNA samples allowed us to generate high-quality transcriptomes from as little as 10ng of total RNA and a lower parasitemia limit of 0.05%. Finally, we designed a modified method for depletion of unwanted human hemoglobin transcripts using in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 treatment, thus improving parasite transcriptome coverage in low parasitemia samples. To prove the functionality of the pipeline for both laboratory and field strains, we generated the highest 2-hour resolution RNA-seq transcriptome for Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 intraerythrocytic lifecycle available up-to-date and also applied the entire protocol to create the largest transcriptome data from Southeast Asian field isolates.ConclusionsOverall, our methodology presents an inclusive pipeline for generation of good quality transcriptomic data from a diverse range of Plasmodium-infected blood samples with varying parasitemia and RNA inputs. The flexibility of this pipeline to be adapted to robotic handling will facilitate both small and large scale future transcriptomic studies in the field of malaria.

scholarly journals A comprehensive RNA handling and transcriptomics guide for high-throughput processing of Plasmodium blood-stage samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kucharski ◽  
Jaishree Tripathi ◽  
Sourav Nayak ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Grennady Wirjanata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Human Haemoglobin ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Rna

Abstract BackgroundSequencing technology advancements opened new opportunities to use transcriptomics for studying malaria pathology and epidemiology. Even though in recent years the study of whole parasite transcriptome proved to be essential in understanding parasite biology there is no compiled up-to-date reference protocol for the efficient generation of transcriptome data from growing number of samples. Here, a comprehensive methodology on how to preserve, extract, amplify, and sequence full-length mRNA transcripts from Plasmodium-infected blood samples is presented that can be fully streamlined for high-throughput studies.ResultsThe utility of various commercially available RNA-preserving reagents in a range of storage conditions was evaluated. Similarly, several RNA extraction protocols were compared and the one most suitable method for the extraction of high-quality total RNA from low-parasitaemia and low-volume blood samples was established. Furthermore, the criteria needed to evaluate the quality and integrity of Plasmodium RNA in the presence of human RNA was updated. Optimization of SMART-seq2 amplification method to better suit AT-rich Plasmodium falciparum RNA samples allowed us to generate high-quality transcriptomes from as little as 10ng of total RNA and a lower parasitaemia limit of 0.05%. Finally, a modified method for depletion of unwanted human haemoglobin transcripts using in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 treatment was designed, thus improving parasite transcriptome coverage in low parasitaemia samples. To prove the functionality of the pipeline for both laboratory and field strains, the highest 2-hour resolution RNA-seq transcriptome for P. falciparum 3D7 intraerythrocytic life cycle available up-to-date was generated and the entire protocol was applied to create the largest transcriptome data from Southeast Asian field isolates.ConclusionsOverall, the presented methodology is an inclusive pipeline for generation of good quality transcriptomic data from a diverse range of Plasmodium-infected blood samples with varying parasitaemia and RNA inputs. The flexibility of this pipeline to be adapted to robotic handling will facilitate both small and large-scale future transcriptomic studies in the field of malaria.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

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