Appendix III: National Water Savings and Losses Due to Trade in Agricultural Products. Period: 1997–2001

2008 ◽  
pp. 169-175
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
National Water

Mean grey water savings through trade of agricultural and industrial commodities (1996-2005)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabin Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Table Data ◽  
Million Cubic Meter ◽  
National Water

The national water saving of a country as a result of trade in a certain commodity is calculated as the net import volume of this commodity times the water footprint of the commodity per commodity unit in the country considered. A negative sign means a net national water loss instead of a saving. Here, grey water savings through the trade of industrial and agricultural products are considered. Annual estimations are given for the period 1996-2005, in million cubic meter per year. In the table, data are also disaggregated per commodities: crop products, animal products, and industrial products. Methodology and results can be found here: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/WaterStat Agriculture Cost Use/Reuse

Mean green water savings through trade of agricultural and industrial commodities (1996-2005)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najet Guefradj
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Table Data ◽  
Million Cubic Meter ◽  
National Water

The national water saving of a country as a result of trade in a certain commodity is calculated as the net import volume of this commodity times the water footprint of the commodity per commodity unit in the country considered. A negative sign means a net national water loss instead of a saving. Here, green water savings through the trade of industrial and agricultural products are considered. Annual estimations are given for the period 1996-2005, in million cubic meter per year. In the table, data are also disaggregated per commodities: crop products, animal products, and industrial products. Methodology and results can be found here: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network: http://temp.waterfootprint.org Agriculture Supply Use/Reuse

scholarly journals Water saving through international trade of agricultural products

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chapagain ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Global Water ◽  
National Water

Abstract. Many nations save domestic water resources by importing water-intensive products and exporting commodities that are less water intensive. National water saving through the import of a product can imply saving water at a global level if the flow is from sites with high to sites with low water productivity. The paper analyses the consequences of international virtual water flows on the global and national water budgets. The assessment shows that the total amount of water that would have been required in the importing countries if all imported agricultural products would have been produced domestically is 1605 Gm3/yr. These products are however being produced with only 1253 Gm3/yr in the exporting countries, saving global water resources by 352 Gm3/yr. This saving is 28 per cent of the international virtual water flows related to the trade of agricultural products and 6 per cent of the global water use in agriculture. National policy makers are however not interested in global water savings but in the status of national water resources. Egypt imports wheat and in doing so saves 3.6 Gm3/yr of its national water resources. Water use for producing export commodities can be beneficial, as for instance in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Brazil, where the use of green water resources (mainly through rain-fed agriculture) for the production of stimulant crops for export has a positive economic impact on the national economy. However, export of 28 Gm3/yr of national water from Thailand related to rice export is at the cost of additional pressure on its blue water resources. Importing a product which has a relatively high ratio of green to blue virtual water content saves global blue water resources that generally have a higher opportunity cost than green water.

scholarly journals Methodology for the National Water Savings Model and Spreadsheet Tool Commercial/Institutional

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chan ◽  
Tim Long ◽  
Alison Williams ◽  
Moya Melody
Keyword(s):  
Water Savings ◽  
National Water

scholarly journals Resources for National Water Savings for Outdoor Water Use

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moya Melody ◽  
Hannah Stratton ◽  
Alison Williams ◽  
Camilla Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Outdoor Water Use ◽  
National Water

scholarly journals Methodology for the national water savings models– indoor residential and commercial/institutional products, and outdoor residential products

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Schein ◽  
Peter Chan ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Camilla Dunham ◽  
Heidi Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Product Lifetime ◽  
Market Saturation ◽  
Monetary Savings ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
National Water

Abstract Since 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has operated WaterSense® in partnership with manufacturers, utilities, and consumer groups. Similar to EPA's ENERGY STAR® role for energy-efficient products, WaterSense® employs a labeling system to identify water-efficient products, homes, and services. As of 2015, the WaterSense® program can claim credit for a total savings of 1.5 trillion gallons of water and $32.6 billion in consumer water and energy bills. Savings are tracked in the National Water Savings (NWS) model that combines innovative analyses with methodologies established in the energy sector. Merging life-cycle cost and national impact analysis models, the NWS model estimates savings from a bottom-up accounting method for individual products. The model extends those savings to the national level by employing parameters such as frequency of product use by number of people and building type, product lifetime, stock accounting, and market saturation. The NWS model tracks the water and consumer monetary savings of WaterSense-labeled products for residential and commercial water use both indoors and out.

Inter-provincial electricity transmissions’ co-benefit of national water savings in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiawei Liao ◽  
Li Chai ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Junping Ji ◽  
Xu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Savings ◽  
National Water

scholarly journals Water saving through international trade of agricultural products

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chapagain ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Global Water ◽  
National Water

Abstract. Many nations save domestic water resources by importing water-intensive products and exporting commodities that are less water intensive. National water saving through the import of a product can imply saving water at a global level if the flow is from sites with high to sites with low water productivity. The paper analyses the consequences of international virtual water flows on the global and national water budgets. The assessment shows that the total amount of water that would have been required in the importing countries if all imported agricultural products would have been produced domestically is 1605 Gm3/yr. These products are however being produced with only 1253 Gm3/yr in the exporting countries, saving global water resources by 352 Gm3/yr. This saving is 28% of the international virtual water flows related to the trade of agricultural products and 6% of the global water use in agriculture. National policy makers are however not interested in global water savings but in the status of national water resources. Egypt imports wheat and in doing so saves 3.6 Gm3/yr of its national water resources. Water use for producing export commodities can be beneficial, as for instance in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Brazil, where the use of green water resources (mainly through rain-fed agriculture) for the production of stimulant crops for export has a positive economic impact on the national economy. However, export of 28 Gm3/yr of national water from Thailand related to rice export is at the cost of additional pressure on its blue water resources. Importing a product which has a relatively high ratio of green to blue virtual water content saves global blue water resources that generally have a higher opportunity cost than green water.

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