Mean green water savings through trade of agricultural and industrial commodities (1996-2005)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najet Guefradj
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Table Data ◽  
Million Cubic Meter ◽  
National Water

The national water saving of a country as a result of trade in a certain commodity is calculated as the net import volume of this commodity times the water footprint of the commodity per commodity unit in the country considered. A negative sign means a net national water loss instead of a saving. Here, green water savings through the trade of industrial and agricultural products are considered. Annual estimations are given for the period 1996-2005, in million cubic meter per year. In the table, data are also disaggregated per commodities: crop products, animal products, and industrial products. Methodology and results can be found here: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network: http://temp.waterfootprint.org Agriculture Supply Use/Reuse

Mean grey water savings through trade of agricultural and industrial commodities (1996-2005)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabin Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Table Data ◽  
Million Cubic Meter ◽  
National Water

The national water saving of a country as a result of trade in a certain commodity is calculated as the net import volume of this commodity times the water footprint of the commodity per commodity unit in the country considered. A negative sign means a net national water loss instead of a saving. Here, grey water savings through the trade of industrial and agricultural products are considered. Annual estimations are given for the period 1996-2005, in million cubic meter per year. In the table, data are also disaggregated per commodities: crop products, animal products, and industrial products. Methodology and results can be found here: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/WaterStat Agriculture Cost Use/Reuse

scholarly journals Water saving through international trade of agricultural products

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chapagain ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Global Water ◽  
National Water

Abstract. Many nations save domestic water resources by importing water-intensive products and exporting commodities that are less water intensive. National water saving through the import of a product can imply saving water at a global level if the flow is from sites with high to sites with low water productivity. The paper analyses the consequences of international virtual water flows on the global and national water budgets. The assessment shows that the total amount of water that would have been required in the importing countries if all imported agricultural products would have been produced domestically is 1605 Gm3/yr. These products are however being produced with only 1253 Gm3/yr in the exporting countries, saving global water resources by 352 Gm3/yr. This saving is 28 per cent of the international virtual water flows related to the trade of agricultural products and 6 per cent of the global water use in agriculture. National policy makers are however not interested in global water savings but in the status of national water resources. Egypt imports wheat and in doing so saves 3.6 Gm3/yr of its national water resources. Water use for producing export commodities can be beneficial, as for instance in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Brazil, where the use of green water resources (mainly through rain-fed agriculture) for the production of stimulant crops for export has a positive economic impact on the national economy. However, export of 28 Gm3/yr of national water from Thailand related to rice export is at the cost of additional pressure on its blue water resources. Importing a product which has a relatively high ratio of green to blue virtual water content saves global blue water resources that generally have a higher opportunity cost than green water.

scholarly journals Water footprint assessment for citizens in Ho Chi Minh city

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Truong Thanh Canh ◽  
Thuy-Trang Thi Nguyen ◽  
Anh Hoang Le
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Eating Habit ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The research conducted a survey of the water consumption in Ho Chi Minh City through the consumption of products from agriculture, industry and domestic. The research identified green water, blue water and grey water footprints in consuming products. Then personal water footprints were calculated and evaluated. The results showed that the average personal water footprint in district 3 was 1556 m3/year (77.15% for agriculture, 15.59% for industry and 7.26% for domestic), district 10 was 1587 m3/year (77.58% for agriculture, 15.17% for industry and 7.25% domestic), Nha Be district is 1681 m3/year (80.48% for agriculture, 12.97% for industry and 6.55% for domestic) and Binh Chanh district was 1744 m3/year (81.57% for agriculture, 11.88% for industry and 6.55% for domestic). In the individual components of the water footprint, water footprints in consuming agricultural products accounted for the major percentage and determined the personal water footprint. The results showed that the individual water footprints in countryside areas were higher than those in urban areas. Depending on the amount and forms of each individual's consumption, their eating habit and daily activities, and the sexes, the personal water footprints were different. The perception and behavior of individuals' water consumption also significantly influenced the overall personal water footprints.

scholarly journals ANALISIS WATER FOOTPRINT PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI (STUDI KASUS DI KELOMPOK PETERNAK DESA MARGAMUKTI) - Water Footprint Analysis of Milk Cow Production (Case Study at the Farmer Groups of Margamukti Village)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peni Faridah Khaerani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Integrated Farming

AbstrakKebutuhan akan susu semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan jumlah penduduk, tingkat pendapatan, dan selera masyarakat. Dengan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan akan susu, permintaan akan populasi sapi perah pun akan meningkat pula. Konsumsi produk hewani berkontribusi lebih dari seperempat water footprint manusia. Air yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan pakan merupakan faktor utama di balik water footprint produk hewani Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran water footprint dalam produksi susu sapi serta untuk merumuskan upaya-upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi besarnya water footprint produksi susu sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dominant kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, pengukuran langsung dan wawancara semi-terstruktur pada setiap tahap budidaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, nilai water footprint  produksi susu sapi adalah 606,88 m3/ton, dengan nilai masing-masing komponennya adalah 233,0 m3/ton untuk green water, 178,1 m3/ton untuk blue water serta 195,78 m3/ton untuk grey water. Upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi water footprint produksi susu sapi : dengan meningkatkan produktivitas air pada tahap budidaya rumput gajah serta melakukan pengolahan limbah dan menerapkan  metode livestock integrated farming pada tahap budidaya ternak sapi perah.Kata Kunci : Water footprint, produksi susu sapi, upaya-upaya untuk mengurangi water footprintAbstractThe need for milk is increasing in line with population growth, income levels, and public taste. With the increasing demand for milk, dairy cow population demand will increase as well. Consumption of animal products contribute more than a quarter of the human water footprint. Water needed to produce food is a major factor behind the water footprint of animal products This study aims to determine the amount of water footprint in cow milk production as well as to formulate measures that can be done to reduce the amount of water footprint of milk production of cows. This study uses a quantitative dominant qualitative research design. Data were collected through observation, direct measurement  and semi-structured interviews at each stage of cultivation. The results showed that, the value of milk production water footprint is 606.88 m3/ton, with the value of each component is 233,0 m3/ton for green water, 178,1 m3/ton  for blue water and 195.78 m3/ton for grey water. Efforts that can be done to reduce the water footprint of milk production : increasing the productivity of water at the stage of elephant grass cultivation and doing the waste water treatment and apply livestock integrated farming method in dairy cattle farming stage.Keywords: Water footprint, milk production, efforts to reduce the water footprint

scholarly journals Water loss associated with food loss and waste in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
Eduardo Borges Cohim ◽  
Adriano Souza Leão ◽  
Hamilton de Araújo Silva ◽  
Gilmar Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Food And Agriculture

This article aimed to estimate the loss of water associated with food loss and waste in Brazil in 2013. Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) on food balance and waste, as well as the Water Footprint (WF) of agricultural products available at Water Footprint Network (WFN) were used. Results show that food waste reaches 49 million metric tons per year, compromising a total of 87 billion cubic meters of water, which is higher than the average annual flow of the river São Francisco. Major water loss is associated with the agricultural production stage (32%), followed by consumption (19%). Amongst food groups, major water loss is associated with meat (49%), followed by cereals (19%). Roughly 96% of water loss is attributed to the green water component, which highlights that attention must be paid to rainfed agriculture to ensure food and water for everyone. The loss of blue water was more than half of the volume consumed in the urban sector, and the grey component (polluted water) was equivalent to 80% of this consumption. Measures such as improving agricultural practices, logistics, irrigation, expanding and improving rainfed agriculture, developing campaigns and policies to reduce exportation of primary products, as well as consumption of products from animal origin, can contribute to managing the food supply chain more sustainably when the focus is water. Reducing food loss and waste means preserving water.

Mean annual green water footprint of national consumption per capita (1996-2005)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najet Guefradj
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Table Data ◽  
National Consumption

This layer represents estimation of the mean annual green water footprint of national consumption for the period 1996-2005. The water footprint is a measure of human’s appropriation of freshwater resources. The green water footprint is the volume of green water (rainwater) consumed, which is particularly relevant in crop production. Estimation are given in cubic meter per capita per year. In the table, data are also available disaggregated per sectors: agricultural production, industrial production and domestic water use. Methodology and results can be found in the main report: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf . For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network website: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/WaterStat Agriculture Supply Use/Reuse

The water footprint of Austria for different diets

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vanham
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Meat Animal

This paper analyses the Austrian water footprint of consumption (WFcons) for different diets: the current diet, a healthy diet (based upon the dietary recommendations issued by the German nutrition society, or DGE), a vegetarian diet and a combined diet between both latter diets. As in many western countries, the current Austrian diet consists of too many products from the groups sugar, crop oils, meat, animal fats, milk, milk products and eggs and not enough products from the groups cereals, rice, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. Especially the consumption of animal products accounts for high WF amounts. These diets result in a substantial reduction (range 922–1,362 l per capita per day (lcd)) of the WFcons for agricultural products, which is currently 3,655 lcd. However, the Austrian water footprint of agricultural production (WFprod = 2,066 lcd) still remains lower than even the WFcons for a vegetarian diet (2,293 lcd). As a result the country is a net virtual water importer regarding agricultural products for all analysed scenarios.

scholarly journals Water saving through international trade of agricultural products

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chapagain ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Global Water ◽  
National Water

Abstract. Many nations save domestic water resources by importing water-intensive products and exporting commodities that are less water intensive. National water saving through the import of a product can imply saving water at a global level if the flow is from sites with high to sites with low water productivity. The paper analyses the consequences of international virtual water flows on the global and national water budgets. The assessment shows that the total amount of water that would have been required in the importing countries if all imported agricultural products would have been produced domestically is 1605 Gm3/yr. These products are however being produced with only 1253 Gm3/yr in the exporting countries, saving global water resources by 352 Gm3/yr. This saving is 28% of the international virtual water flows related to the trade of agricultural products and 6% of the global water use in agriculture. National policy makers are however not interested in global water savings but in the status of national water resources. Egypt imports wheat and in doing so saves 3.6 Gm3/yr of its national water resources. Water use for producing export commodities can be beneficial, as for instance in Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Brazil, where the use of green water resources (mainly through rain-fed agriculture) for the production of stimulant crops for export has a positive economic impact on the national economy. However, export of 28 Gm3/yr of national water from Thailand related to rice export is at the cost of additional pressure on its blue water resources. Importing a product which has a relatively high ratio of green to blue virtual water content saves global blue water resources that generally have a higher opportunity cost than green water.

scholarly journals Water Footprint of Food Consumption by Chinese Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Qing Tian ◽  
Huan Hu ◽  
Miao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Gray Water

Water shortages are a worldwide problem. Virtual water and the water footprint link water resources, human beings and agricultural products, and are effective tools to alleviate water-resources stress. The production of agricultural products consumes a large amount of water, and food is the most basic consumer good for human survival, so it is very necessary to study the water footprint of residents’ food consumption, which is also the weak point of current research on virtual water and the water footprint. This paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the water footprint of food consumption in China from the perspectives of urban and rural residents, per capita water footprint, water footprint structure and food consumption structure. The results revealed that the average water footprint of residents’ food consumption was 605.12 billion m3/year, basically showing an upward trend. Guangdong residents had the highest water footprint for food consumption due to the highest population and higher consumption of water-intensive foodstuffs such as grain and meat in their diet. The water footprint of Xizang residents’ food consumption was the lowest followed by Ningxia and Qinghai due to having the least population. The water footprint of food consumption consumed by urban residents was on the rise while that consumed by rural residents was on the decline in China, which was consistent with the changing trend of population. On the whole, the rural population consumed more virtual water embedded in food than the urban population. From the water footprint structure point, the contribution rate of the green water footprint is the largest, reaching 69.36%. The second is the gray water footprint and then the blue water footprint, accounting for 18.71% and 11.93%, respectively. From the perspective of the food consumption structure, grain and pig, beef and mutton consumption contributed significantly to the total water footprint of residents’ food consumption, contributing 37.5% and 22.56%, respectively. The study is helpful for water management and water allocation in rural and urban areas, improving agricultural technology to reduce the gray water footprint and optimizing food consumption structure, such as reducing the consumption of grain and meat.

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