Managing Patients You are Asked to See With High Blood Glucose Levels

2015 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

High Blood Glucose Levels Affect Auditory Brainstem Responses after Acoustic Overexposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Hee Ji ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Chi-Kyou Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Brainstem Response

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and several pathological changes. DM-related hearing dysfunctions are associated with histological changes. Here, we explore hearing function and synaptic changes in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods: STZ was injected to trigger diabetes. Rats with DM were exposed to narrow-band noise (105 dB SPL) for 2 h, and hearing function was analyzed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days later. Both the hearing threshold and the peak 1 amplitude of the tone auditory brainstem response were assessed. After the last functional test, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Results: We found no changes in the baseline hearing threshold; however, the peak 1 amplitude at the low frequency (4 kHz) was significantly higher in both DM groups than in the control groups. The hearing threshold had not fully recovered at 14 days after diabetic rats were exposed to noise. The peak 1 amplitude at the higher frequencies (16 and 32 kHz) was significantly larger in both DM groups than in the control groups. The histological analysis revealed that the long-term DM group had significantly more synapses in the 16 kHz region than the other groups. Conclusions: We found that high blood glucose levels increased peak 1 amplitudes without changing the hearing threshold. Diabetic rats were less resilient in threshold changes and were less vulnerable to peak 1 amplitude and synaptic damage than control animals.

Influence of glucose levels on clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017771
Author(s):  
Carlos Perez-Vega ◽  
Ricardo A Domingo ◽  
Shashwat Tripathi ◽  
Andres Ramos-Fresnedo ◽  
Samir Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) represents the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Intravenous thrombolysis has been associated with worse clinical outcome in patients presenting with high blood glucose levels at admission; to date the true effect of hyperglycemia in the setting of MT has not been fully elucidated. In this meta-analysis, we analyzed the influence of high blood glucose levels at admission on clinical outcome after MT. Ovid EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their dates of inception up to March 2021. An initial search identified 2118 articles representing 1235 unique studies. After applying selection criteria, three prospective and five retrospective studies were analyzed, yielding a pooled cohort of 5861 patients (2041 who presented with hyperglycemia, and 3820 who presented with normal blood glucose levels). Patients in the hyperglycemia group were less likely to have a modified Ranking Scale (mRS) score <3 (risk ratio (RR): 0.65; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.72; p<0.0001; I2=13%), and had an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (RR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.60; p<0.0001; I2=0%) and mortality (RR: 1.73; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.91; p<0.0001; I2=0%). Patients who present with hyperglycemia and undergo MT for treatment of LVO have an increased risk of unfavorable clinical outcome, sICH, and mortality. Glucose levels at admission appear to be a prognostic factor in this subset of patients. Further studies should focus on evaluating control of the glucose level at admission as a modifiable risk factor in patients undergoing MT for LVO.

Sitagliptin: A DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn MS Johnson ◽  
Kathleen Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemic, with worldwide projections indicating that more than 336 million people will be afflicted with the disease by 2030. T2DM is characterized by inappropriately high blood glucose levels due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. Despite the horrific complications that occur with chronic elevations of blood glucose levels, less than half of those with T2DM do not maintain proper glycemic control. Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) is a novel diabetes therapy approved for use in the U.S. and Europe. This small molecule inhibits the activity of DPP-4, a peptidase that degrades the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. Sitagliptin increases glucoregulation in individuals with T2DM both as a monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic drugs, with a low risk of adverse side effects.

scholarly journals High activity enables life on a high-sugar diet: blood glucose regulation in nectar-feeding bats

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1724) ◽  
pp. 3490-3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev H. Kelm ◽  
Ralph Simon ◽  
Doreen Kuhlow ◽  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Michael Ristow
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Feeding

High blood glucose levels caused by excessive sugar consumption are detrimental to mammalian health and life expectancy. Despite consuming vast quantities of sugar-rich floral nectar, nectar-feeding bats are long-lived, provoking the question of how they regulate blood glucose. We investigated blood glucose levels in nectar-feeding bats ( Glossophaga soricina ) in experiments in which we varied the amount of dietary sugar or flight time. Blood glucose levels increased with the quantity of glucose ingested and exceeded 25 mmol l −1 blood in resting bats, which is among the highest values ever recorded in mammals fed sugar quantities similar to their natural diet. During normal feeding, blood glucose values decreased with increasing flight time, but only fell to expected values when bats spent 75 per cent of their time airborne. Either nectar-feeding bats have evolved mechanisms to avoid negative health effects of hyperglycaemia, or high activity is key to balancing blood glucose levels during foraging. We suggest that the coevolutionary specialization of bats towards a nectar diet was supported by the high activity and elevated metabolic rates of these bats. High activity may have conferred benefits to the bats in terms of behavioural interactions and foraging success, and is simultaneously likely to have increased their efficiency as plant pollinators.

scholarly journals Effect of Cinnamon Tea on Postprandial Glucose Concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra Bernardo ◽  
Maria Leonor Silva ◽  
Elisabeth Santos ◽  
Margarida Maria Moncada ◽  
José Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status

Glycaemic control, in particular at postprandial period, has a key role in prevention of different diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular events. Previous studies suggest that postprandial high blood glucose levels (BGL) can lead to an oxidative stress status, which is associated with metabolic alterations. Cinnamon powder has demonstrated a beneficial effect on postprandial glucose homeostasis in animals and human models. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cinnamon tea (C. burmannii) on postprandial capillary blood glucose level on nondiabetic adults. Participants were given oral glucose tolerance test either with or without cinnamon tea in a randomized clinical trial. The data revealed that cinnamon tea administration slightly decreased postprandial BGL. Cinnamon tea ingestion also results in a significantly lower postprandial maximum glucose concentration and variation of maximum glucose concentration (p< 0.05). Chemical analysis showed that cinnamon tea has a high antioxidant capacity, which may be due to its polyphenol content. The present study provides evidence that cinnamon tea, obtained fromC. burmannii, could be beneficial for controlling glucose metabolism in nondiabetic adults during postprandial period.

Effect of glibenclamide on insulin release at moderate and high blood glucose levels in normal man

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. M. LIGTENBERG ◽  
C. E. VENKER ◽  
W. J. SLUITER ◽  
W. D. REITSMA ◽  
T. W. VAN HAEFTEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Man

scholarly journals Assessment of Different Commercially Available Breads and Its Effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bhavana Parmar ◽  
Rupali Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Breakfast Food

Background: Bread is one of the most commonly used breakfast food in India. The consumption also increased tremendously among children and adolescents as well as to some extent among adults. It was found that white bread raises the blood glucose levels and is not considered to be a healthy breakfast option especially for those with diabetes mellitus and those at risk of increased or borderline glucose intolerance. Aim: To assess different commercially available bread and its effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals. Study Design: 5 bread varieties were chosen (namely White, Brown, Multigrain, Oats and Tutty fruity bread). The samples were fed to 30 subjects and their effect on blood glucose was analysed. Place of Study: The study was conducted in BMN College of Home Science, Matunga, Mumbai, India. Methodology: A pilot study was conducted on 30 samples to assess the Blood Glucose Levels of each type of bread. The subjects were then given bread-butter and the blood glucose response was re-tested at gap of 1 hour and 2 hour respectively. Each subject was given 5 different varieties of bread for 5 consecutive days i.e. White bread, Brown bread, Multigrain bread, Tutty Fruity bread and Oats bread. White bread is a universal standard, was used as a standard in the study.  The average plasma glucose levels were analysed in the study. Results: The average plasma glucose spike of the standard (White bread) was found to be the highest i.e (131.63 mg/dl).  It was observed that oats bread was found to have the lowest spike post 1 hour (103.43mg/dl) while tutty fruity bread exhibited a very high blood glucose response (123.90mg/dl) following the standard white bread. Conclusion: Investigations proved that oats bread should be consumed by people to mitigate metabolic syndrome due to a stressful lifestyle. Also, a healthy diet and exercise regime to be followed by subjects in the study.

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