Reactive bone marrow and an abnormal PET scan

Abstract Background: CT imaging has routinely been used for assessing therapy response in most malignancies including Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL). The presence of residual tumor is generally categorized using the International Workshop Criteria from CT imaging and bone marrow biopsies for assessing response after treatment. CT imaging has limitations in assessment of response to therapy in NHL with false positive results due to residual masses having viable tumor cells in less than 20% and the remainder being fibrosis or necrosis. In addition false negative CT results are seen due to viable tumor cells in nodes measuring less than 1.5 cm in size. F-18 FDG PET scans provide metabolic imaging of viable tumor cells due to uptake and retention of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose preferentially in malignant cells. Method: Forty-eight patients with aggressive NHL having completed anthracycline-based chemotherapy had the post therapy FDG PET scans and CT scans reviewed by experienced readers blinded from the comparison scan and from the clinical history. PET scans were read as positive or negative for abnormal FDG consistent with residual viable tumor and the CT was read as positive or negative for nodes greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. Records were reviewed for tumor histology and evidence of tumor relapse with a median follow-up of 35 months. Results: The FDG PET and CT imaging prediction of PFS at 2 years had positive predictive values of 67% and 38%, negative predictive values of 88% and 78%, and accuracy of 81% and 50% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the FDG PET scan was 71% and 82% for predicting disease progression within 2 years from beginning treatment. Conclusion: FDG PET imaging was compared with CT imaging done after completing initial chemotherapy for aggressive NHL and demonstrated superior prediction of tumor response status at 2 years. These results indicate that FDG PET imaging should be combined with bone marrow biopsy for restaging aggressive NHL after completion of chemotherapy. The use of FDG PET is more accurate and should replace response assessment by CT imaging in most pateints with aggressive NHL following treatment.

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90y-Ibritumumab Tiuxetan (Zevalin ®)-BEAM/C with Autologous Stem Cell Support as Frontline Therapy for Advanced Mantle Cell Lymphoma. – Preliminary Results From the Third Nordic MCL Phase II Study (MCL3).

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.932.932 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 932-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arne Kolstad ◽

Anna Laurell ◽

Niels S Andersen ◽

Erkki Elonen ◽

Riikka Raty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Stem Cell ◽

High Dose Chemotherapy ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Induction Treatment ◽

High Dose ◽

Molecular Remission ◽

Ibritumomab Tiuxetan ◽

Cell Support ◽

Related Mortality

Abstract Abstract 932 The Nordic Lymphoma Group has since 1996 conducted three consecutive phase II trials for front-line treatment of MCL patients ≤ 65 years of age. The first protocol (MCL1) 1996-2000 introduced high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (unpurged or ex vivo purged) as consolidation after 4 cycles of intensified CHOP (maxi-CHOP). The results were disappointing, as the majority of patients relapsed. 1 Being in CR pre-transplant was the most important factor for outcome. Hence, in the second trial (MCL2) 2000-2006 induction therapy was intensified by adding high-dose Ara-C and rituximab to the regimen. Compared to MCL1 this led to significant improvement of event-free and overall survival, and the rate of PCR negative stem cell grafts and bone marrow samples.2 Again, responders in less than CR pre-transplant had a significantly poorer outcome. We therefore made a further intensification for the MCL3 study (2006-2009) by adding 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®) to the high-dose BEAC/BEAM to responders not in CR. Methods: As in the MCL1 and 2 studies newly diagnosed stage II-IV MCL patients ≤ 65 years were included. Induction treatment was identical to that of the MCL2 study with alternating cycles of maxi-CHOP-rituximab (3 cycles) and Ara-C-rituximab (3 cycles). Response evaluation was done after cycle 5. PET/CT was recommended, but could not influence the response evaluation, which was done according to the International Workshop criteria. Responders underwent in vivo purged harvest of stem cells after cycle 6 (Ara-C + 2 doses of rituximab). Patients in CRu or PR received a standard dose 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan (0.4 mCi/kg) one week prior to the BEAM/BEAC, CR patients received BEAM/BEAC alone. Patients are followed by CT-scans, bone marrow and blood samples, including PCR for minimal residual disease or molecular relapse. For molecular relapse preemptive treatment with 4 standard doses of rituximab, as in the MCL2 study3, is given. Results: The planned accrual of 160 patients was reached in June 2009. The patient characteristics are similar to those of the MCL2 trial with a median age of 57 years (28-65), the majority male (80%) and in stage IV (89%) with bone marrow involvement (74%). The response rates pre-transplant so far compare favorably with data from MCL2 with 50% in CR, 18% in CRu, and 28% in PR. Only 4 out of 128 evaluable patients did not respond (3%) and there was one case (1%) of treatment-related mortality during induction therapy. While it is still too early to assess the impact of the 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan on the progression-free survival, the side effects were similar to those of the MCL2 study including a treatment related mortality of 4%. Fifty-five patients in CRu or PR have so far been treated with 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan, with no indication of any added toxicity. Only 12 out of 133 patients (10%) have not undergone transplant, 5 due to stem cell harvest failure, 3 due to toxicity and 4 due to non response to induction treatment. PET-scan prior to transplant was positive in 2% of CR patients, 20% of CRu patients and 54% of PR patients. Patients with a positive PET-scan pre-transplant had a 36% chance of achieving a molecular remission post-transplant, compared to 92% of cases with a negative PET-scan (p<0.001) Conclusion: The high response rates after induction treatment achieved in the MCL2 study are confirmed in the present study. Adding 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan to high-dose chemotherapy for responding patients not in CR prior to transplant is feasible and does not increase toxicity. A negative PET-scan prior to transplant predicts for a molecular remission after the transplant. References: Andersen et al, Eur J Cancer, 2002, 38: 401-408 Geisler et al, Blood, 2008, 112: 2687-2693 Andersen et al J Clin Oncol 2009 epub ahead of press Disclosures: Kolstad: Bayer Schering Pharma: Research Funding. Geisler:Bayer Schering Pharma: Research Funding.

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Tissue Is the Issue: Accuracy of PET Imaging to Detect Bone Marrow Clearance in Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v126.23.3947.3947 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (23) ◽

pp. 3947-3947

Author(s):

Anthony Q Pham ◽

Stephen Broski ◽

Thomas M. Habermann ◽

Dragan Jevremovic ◽

Gregory Wiseman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

T Cell Lymphoma ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Pet Scans

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Adult mature T- and NK-cell neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphomas comprising approximately 10% to 20% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) with an estimated 5-year overall survival of 40%. Staging and treatment strategies are guided by malignant involvement on PET/CT scan and bone marrow (BM) biopsy. The Lugano Criteria, established in 2014, suggested that focal FDG uptake within the bone marrow was highly sensitive for both Hodgkin (HL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) potentially obviating the need for a bone marrow biopsy if no lesions were seen. Limited data exist regarding the sensitivity of PET for BM involvement in T-cell lymphoma. This study compares PET/CT scans and repeat BM biopsy in patients who have undergone treatment for peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) by evaluating BM avidity on PET scans. METHODS: This is a single institution study using the Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Database between January 1, 2001 and January 1, 2015. We retrospectively identified all patients with a diagnosis of PTCL, biopsy proven BM involvement at diagnosis, and a concomitant PET for staging. Patients were then reviewed to assess completion of induction therapy and availability of both PET/CT and bone marrow results post-therapy. Evaluation for concordance and discordant BM involvement were then determined using BM biopsy as the gold standard. RESULTS: Sixteen patients had both PET/CT and BM biopsy after completing induction therapy. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years (range 34-72) and 69% were male. PTCL subtype was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified in seven patients; ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma in one patient; and angioimmunoblastic in 8 patients. Pre-treatment PET/CT scans demonstrated eight patients (50%) with false negative scans. Post-treatment biopsy results demonstrated that ten (62.5%) had biopsy proven residual bone marrow involvement after induction. Eight patients (50%) were found to have BM biopsy proven disease with a negative PET scan. Two patients (12.5%) had both positive BM biopsy and PET scans; 5 patients (31.3%) had negative BM biopsies and PET scans. One patient (6.25%) had a negative BM biopsy, but had a PET scan that revealed positive disease. This patient was considered to have had a false positive PET scan and indeed has remained in remission since April 2009 without any further relapse or treatment. Sensitivity of PET for BM involvement was very poor at 20% (2/10) with a specificity of 50% (2/4) (Table 1 and 2). CONCLUSIONS: This study in PTCL indicates that PET scans at the completion of therapy have a 50% false negative rate. These patients should not be assumed to have negative bone marrow involvement based solely on PET/CT scans. A bone marrow biopsy at the end of therapy is necessary in PTCL patients to confirm complete response. Table 1. Bone Marrow Involvement Pre-Therapy PET Scan Imaging PET Negative PET Positive Total Patients Bone Marrow Negative NA NA NA Bone Marrow Positive 8 8 16 Total Patients 8 (50%) 8 (50%) 16 Abbreviations: NA, not applicable. The study defined that all patients had to have a positive bone marrow at baseline to be eligible for the study. Table 2. Bone Marrow Involvement PET Negative PET Positive Total Patients Bone Marrow Negative 4 2 6 (37.5%) Bone Marrow Positive 8 2 10 (62.5%) Total Patients 12 (75%) 4 (25%) 16 Table 1 and 2. Involvement of bone marrow with peripheral T-cell lymphoma based on evaluation by PET scans versus bone marrow biopsy. Disclosures Maurer: Kite Pharma: Research Funding.

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The utility of 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in evaluation of bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8077 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 8077-8077

Author(s):

A. Muslimani ◽

H. Farag ◽

S. Francis ◽

T. P. Spiro ◽

H. A. Daw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

False Negative ◽

Pet Scan ◽

High Rate ◽

Whole Body ◽

Image Guided ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fdg Pet Scan

8077 Introduction: In NHL, the anatomic extent of the disease is an important factor influencing the overall survival. Clinically, NHLs are classified as indolent, aggressive, or highly aggressive. Bone marrow (BM) involvement is a sign of extensive disease, and iliac crest (IC) BM biopsy (BMB) is the established method for the detection of BM infiltration. However, IC BMB is associated with a high rate of false- negative result. We assess the ability of 18F-FDG PET scan to ascertain the presence of BM involvement in NHL. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts from January 2002 through November 2006 of histologically proven NHLs. 87 patients (pts) were eligible for our study (38 males, 49 females; age range 42–81 years). All pts were examined by whole-body 18F-FDG-PET scan for initial staging, and all had unilateral posterior IC BMB. BM involvement was established following the result of 1) unilateral posterior IC BMB, and 2) image-guided BMB following positive 18F-FDG-PET scan in selected patients. Results: Among the PET+ / IC BMB- group, 3 pts had a positive CT-scan guided BMB at the site of involvement detected by the 18F-FDG-PET scan (2 from the humerus,1 from the femur); the remaining 7 pts did not have a site-directed biopsy. Our data demonstrate an overall sensitivity of 0.76 for the PET scan detecting BM involvement in all pts and specificity of 0.88. We point out that the 0.88 specificity may be spuriously low, this is a result of the fact that of the 10 PET+ / IC BMB- pts 7 have not had directed biopsy to the site of involvement detected by the18F-FDG- PET-scan. Further analysis revealed no significant difference between the sensitivity (P = 0.21) and specificity (p = 0.99) between I- NHL and A/HA- NHL groups. Conclusion: 18F-FDG-PET scan shows potential to detect BM involvement in NHL. In particular, image-guided repeat BMB may be considered in pts with negative initial IC BMB, whose 18F-FDG-PET scan demonstrates BM involvement in a different site. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]

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The Role of Bone Marrow Examination in the Initial Evaluation of Pediatric Hodgkin’ Disease: The Canadian Perspective.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.2326.2326 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 2326-2326

Author(s):

David C. Simpson ◽

Jun Gao ◽

Conrad V. Fernandez ◽

Margaret Yhap ◽

Victoria E. Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Bone Marrow Examination ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) is the most common lymphoma affecting young adults and teenagers. Bone marrow involvement is rare but if present, infers Stage IV disease and an inferior outcome. Adult studies have suggested that bone marrow examination (BME) may not be necessary unless certain risk factors are present. However, some pediatric centers continue to perform BME routinely on all children with HD. BME is invasive and generally performed under conscious sedation in children. We validated and administered an internet-based survey to examine the practice of all Canadian pediatric oncologists regarding BME in children with HD. We also retrospectively evaluated the impact of routine BME on the HD patients treated at our institution over the past 27 years. Forty-three percent of eligible physicians (n=93) completed the survey and 16 of a total of 17 Canadian pediatric oncology centers were represented. BME universally consisted of bilateral bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies. Routine BME for Stage III and IV disease was consistently practised nationally (by 92% and 97% of respondents, respectively). By contrast, 54% and 70% of respondents reported performing routine BME in low stage (Stage I and II) disease, respectively. Respondents were more likely to report performing routine BME in low stage patients, if their pediatric hematology/oncology training was entirely outside Canada (p=0.04 for Stage I and p=0.07 for Stage II) and if they practiced at smaller centers (p=0.05 for Stage I and p=0.03 for Stage II). There were no differences in practice regarding BME associated with the number of years in practice or the number of patients seen annually by the respondent. If not part of routine staging for all patients, BME was more likely performed if there were “B” symptoms, cytopenias, and/or bulky disease. Most respondents (95%) would proceed with BME following a positive PET scan. In the review of local institutional practice, 62 patients with HD and BME were eligible for analysis. Only 4 patients (6.5%) had a positive BME. No patient with otherwise low stage disease was found to have bone marrow involvement. Two patients, who would have been assigned as Stage III disease, were upstaged to Stage IV due to their BME. Comparison of staging with and without BME demonstrated no significant difference. Hemoglobin level was found to be the to be the only significant risk factor for marrow involvement based on univariate analysis(put in statisticp=0.006). Age, gender, histologic subtype, presence of “B” symptoms, and other blood parameters (white count, platelets, ESR and transaminases) were not significant factors. Practice regarding BME in children with low stage HD is highly variable across Canada. Bone marrow examination in pediatric patients with low stage HD should be abandoned, unless there is a specific indication to do so (for example positive PET scan or unexplained anemia). Moreover, BME does not appear to add any additional therapeutic direction for higher stage patients.

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Skin Recurrence of Transformed Mycosis Fungoides Postumbilical Cord Blood Transplant despite Complete Donor Chimerism

Case Reports in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2014/743856 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Rahul Pawar ◽

Anup Kasi Loknath Kumar ◽

Janet Woodroof ◽

Wei Cui ◽

Joseph McGuirk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Mycosis Fungoides ◽

Cell Transformation ◽

Large Cell ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Cord Blood Transplant ◽

Donor Cells ◽

Large Cell Transformation ◽

Bone Marrow Chimerism

Background.Allogeneic stem cell transplant is the treatment of choice for systemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) which provides graft-versus-lymphoma effect. Herein we discuss a case of recurrence of CTCL skin lesions after cord blood transplant in a patient who continued to have 100% donor chimerism in bone marrow.Case Presentation.A 48-year-old female with history of mycosis fungoides (MF) presented with biopsy proven large cell transformation of MF. PET scan revealed multiple adenopathy in abdomen and chest suspicious for lymphoma and skin biopsy showed large cell transformation. She was treated with multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Posttherapy PET scan showed resolution of lymphadenopathy. Later she underwent ablative preparative regimen followed by single cord blood transplant. Bone marrow chimerism studies at day +60 after transplant showed 100% donor cells without presence of lymphoma. However 5 months after transplant she had recurrence of MF with the same genotype as prior skin lesion. Bone marrow chimerism study continued to show 100% donor cells.Conclusion.A differential graft-versus-lymphoma effect in our case prevented lymphoma recurrence systemically but failed to do so in skin. We hypothesize that this response may be due to presence of other factors in the bone marrow and lymph node microenvironments preventing recurrence in these sites.

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Phase II Study of Short Course CHOP-Rituximab Followed by 90-Y Ibritumomab Tiuxetan as First-Line Treatment for Follicular Lymphoma: An Update and Extension of Preliminary Findings on Predictors of Relapse.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.2001.2001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 2001-2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel C. Jankowitz ◽

Kenneth A. Foon ◽

The Minh Luong ◽

Stephanie R. Land ◽

Nicholas A. DeMonaco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Follicular Lymphoma ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Line Treatment ◽

First Line ◽

Ibritumomab Tiuxetan ◽

Early Relapse ◽

Short Course ◽

First Line Treatment

Abstract Sequential treatment with chemotherapy and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) results in overall response rates > 90% in untreated follicular lymphoma (FL). We previously reported a complete response rate (CR) of 89% in 60 patients with stage II–IV symptomatic or bulky FL who received a short-course CHOP-Rituximab (R) x 3 cycles followed by Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (IT) and extended R as first-line treatment in Clinical Cancer Research (in press). This report will update the CR and progression-free survival (PFS) at a median follow-up of 27.1 months (range 0.9–46.1 months). Determination of response and duration of response included a fusion [18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) imaging performed at baseline, after the third cycle of CHOP-R, 12 weeks after RIT, then at 6-month intervals for the first three years, and then yearly or at physicians’ discretion. Of the 60 enrolled patients, 55 completed all protocol therapy. The continuous CR rate for all enrolled patients by PET-CT is 73%. The median PFS for all enrolled patients is 38.3 months. To date, 11(18%) patients have relapsed at 7.8–38.3 months. Ten of 11 relapses were among the 35 patients who had positive bone marrow biopsies (28.6%) compared to 1 relapse among the 25 (4.0%) with negative biopsies. Eight of 18 patients with a positive PET scan after CHOP-R have relapsed compared to only 3 relapses of 37 patients with a negative PET scan after CHOP-R. Nine of 10 available relapse tissue biopsies showed FL, and one showed transformation to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Seven patients have been diagnosed with a second malignancy: 1 uterine cancer, 1 colon cancer, 1 prostate cancer, 1 breast cancer, 1 lung cancer, 1 pancreatic cancer, and 1 T-cell lymphoma. There have not been any cases of myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusions: Short course CHOP-R followed by IT and extended R results in high CR rate. However, despite achieving a CR after IT, positive bone marrow involvement at baseline (p<0.001) and residual PET positivity after 3 cycles of CHOP-R (p=0.003) were predictive of early relapse. These predictors of early relapse may be utilized in the design of future clinical trials. Relapsed Patient Grade Stage Flipi Risk Bulk (cm) Bone Marrow Pet Post CHOP Pet Post RIT Time (months) to Progression Relapse Biopsy 1 2 IV 2 3.4 + Pos Neg 13.5 Follicular 2 2 IV 3 5.8 + Pos Neg 21.8 Follicular 3 3 IV 2 14 + Pos Neg 31.2 Follicular 4 3 IV 3 13.5 + Pos Pos 7.8 Follicular 5 2 III 2 7.1 – Pos Neg 38.3 Follicular 6 1 IV 3 4.8 + Neg Neg 27.8 Follicular 7 1 IV 3 6 + Neg Neg 17.2 Follicular 8 N/A IV 3 4.2 + Neg Neg 20.0 N/A 9 2 IV 4 7.4 + Pos Pos 13.6 Large Cell 10 1 IV 2 7 + Pos Neg 14.0 Follicular 11 2 IV 3 3.8 + Pos Neg 9.3 Follicular

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Positron-emission tomography reveals early flare in uptake of FLT in tumors following chemotherapy with gemcitabine

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2537 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 2537-2537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. McArthur ◽

R. M. Hicks ◽

D. R. Shalinsky ◽

D. Binns ◽

C. O’Kane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Scoring System ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Post Dose ◽

Flt Pet ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Pet Tracer ◽

Positron Emission

2537 Background: Strategies to monitor molecular & cellular responses to novel cell cycle targeting agents are vital to provide proof of their mechanism & biological activity. In developing biomarkers for the novel chk1 inhibitor, PF-477736, we demonstrated that gemcitabine chemotherapy induced a significant increase, or flare, in uptake of the PET tracer, 3’-deoxy-3’flurothymidine (FLT), into tumor xenografts 24 h after dosing (Proc ASCO 24:A3045, 2006). We postulated that an early flare in FLT may also occur following gemcitabine therapy in human tumors. Methods: Eligible patients had at least 1 malignant lesion identified by CT scan outside of a previous radiation field. Patients received a baseline FLT-PET scan day-1 to -4 relative to 1st dose of gemcitabine at 1,000 mg/m2, and a post dose FLT- PET scan 22–26 h after gemcitabine. Endpoints were FLT uptake as assessed by: SUV; a qualitative scoring system; and tumor-to-background (T:B) ratios using liver, mediastinum and bone marrow as references. Results: Six of 8 planned patients with 14 index lesions have been accrued in this pilot study. 4/6 patients demonstrated increased uptake of FLT as defined by >50% increase in SUV or T:B ratio in at least 1 lesion. Analysing all index lesions showed an increase in FLT-uptake post gemcitabine as assessed by a 4 point qualitative scoring system from 1.6±0.2 to 2.7±0.1 (p=0.01) or T:B 1.1±0.2 to 2.0±0.3 (p<0.01) using liver as a reference. Interestingly in contrast to increased uptake in tumors, uptake of FLT in bone marrow was reduced from an SUV of 6.4±0.6 to 3.4±0.7 (p<0.01) following gemcitabine. Conclusion: Following treatment with gemcitabine there was an early flare in uptake of FLT into many tumors. In contrast, uptake in bone marrow was reduced. FLT-PET appears to be a promising tool to monitor the cell cycle response of both tumor and bone marrow to cytotoxic chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077207 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 726-727

Author(s):

Corazon D. Bucana

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Electron Density ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Random Distribution ◽

Glycogen Content ◽

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽

Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

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