Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF EOSINOPHILS IN THE GUINEA PIG TO SENSITIZATION, ANAPHYLAXIS AND VARIOUS DRUGS

Blood ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAX SAMTER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bone Marrow Blood ◽  
Antihistamine Drugs ◽  
Definite Correlation

Abstract 1. The eosinophilic response of the guinea pig sensitized and reinjected with the specific antigen varies with the nature of the antigen used, but also with the individual guinea pig in any groupsensitized and reinjected with the same antigen. 2. Certain antihistamine drugs which abolish anaphylactic symptoms, do not abolish the eosinophilic response. 3. The severity of anaphylactic "shock" symptoms has no influence on the eosinophilic response. 4. Histamine phosphate has no effect on the eosinophil count of nonsensitized guinea pigs protected by benadryl; it causes a distinct eosinophilic response in sensitized animals. 5. Heparin—in the dose injected—produced only an insignificant rise in the peripheral eosinophil count of sensitized guinea pigs; adenosine had no effect. 6. Attempts were made to correlate the eosinophilic response in bone marrow, blood and shock tissue of guinea pigs sensitized and reinjected with a specific antigen. The variation within a wide range of the number of eosinophils in the bone marrow of nonsensitized and of sensitized, reinjected guinea pigs is emphasized. A definite correlation seems to exist between the presence of a large number of eosinophils in blood and lungs; it is shown, however, that this observation permits only limited conclusions. 7. The factors which account for discrepancies in the interpretation of the eosinophilic response, e.g., nature of antigen, route of administration and characteristics of species, are analyzed. 8. The significance of the findings is reviewed in the light of previous work.

scholarly journals TUBERCULIN HYPERSENSITIVENESS IN NON-TUBERCULOUS GUINEA PIGS INDUCED BY INJECTIONS OF BACILLUS-FREE FILTRATES

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. McJunkin
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Parietal Peritoneum ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Peritoneal Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Viscid Fluid

1. When a guinea pig with well developed peritoneal tuberculosis is injected intraperitoneally with about 20 cc. of a heavy suspension of a virulent tubercle bacillus (Culture H37) death occurs within 24 hours or the animal becomes extremely toxic. Such a peritoneal tuberculosis develops in about 1 month after 1 cc. of. a very heavy suspension of Culture H37 has been introduced into the abdominal cavity. If the viscid fluid which is contained within the peritoneal cavity is mixed with saline solution and passed through a Berkefeld filter a bacillus-free filtrate is obtained which induces in normal guinea pigs a certain degree of cutaneous hypersensitiveness to tuberculin. 2. The abdominal organs and the parietal peritoneum, to which masses of leucocytes and tubercle bacilli are adherent, when crushed and extracted with saline solution yield a filtrate which likewise induces a cutaneous hypersensitiveness. 3. The cutaneous hypersensitiveness does not appear before the 7th or 8th day after the filtrate injection and is therefore considered to be the result of an active sensitization of the animal.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Production and Life-span in the Bone Marrow of the Guinea Pig

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORNELIUS ROSSE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Guinea pigs were given 14 daily injections of 3H-thymidine to label a proportion of cells with a slow rate of turnover in addition to rapidly proliferating cells. In the bone marrow the only unlabeled cells were some reticular, endothelial, and plasma cells, damaged cells, and 14.1% of small lymphocytes. Six weeks after discontinuation of 3H-thymidine 7% of the marrow lymphocytes remained labeled. In guinea pigs injected every 4 hr with 3H-thymidine for 4 days to label all cells entering DNA synthesis, 14.4% of small lymphocytes remained unlabeled along with some reticular, endothelial, phagocytic, monocytoid, damaged, and plasma cells. The pattern of appearance of labeled lymphocytes was consistent with the kinetics of transitional cells that function as their precursors. Thus, in the bone marrow of the guinea pig the majority of lymphocytes have a short lifespan and a rapid turnover, whereas about 14% turn over more slowly and 7% have a life-span exceeding 4 wk. In this respect the kinetics of marrow lymphocyte production differs from that of the rat.

Zidovudine Antagonizes the Antiviral Effects of Ganciclovir against Cytomegalovirus Infection in Cultured Cells and in Guinea Pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Feng ◽  
J. Y. Crouch ◽  
P. Y. Tian ◽  
H. L. Lucia ◽  
G. D. Hsiung
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Human Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Synergistic Cytotoxicity

The antiviral effects of ganciclovir (DHPG) combined with zidovudine (AZT) at several dosages against cytomegalovirus infection were evaluated in cultured cells and in Hartley guinea pigs. Combinations of DHPG and AZT at fixed ratios ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:1 showed reduced antiviral effects of DHPG in cultured human lung fibroblast (HEL) cells and guinea pig embryo (GPE) cells infected with human cytomegalovirus and guinea pig cytomegalovirus, respectively. Synergistic cytotoxicity (CI values < 1) was noted in HEL and GPE cell cultures at all DHPG/AZT combinations tested. In vivo experiments using a fixed ratio at three dosage levels for treatment of GPCMV infected guinea pigs for 5 days did not show significant antagonistic antiviral nor synergistic toxic effects at lower dosages. When GPCMV infected guinea pigs were treated with DHPG and AZT in combinations at 40/20, 40/40 and 40/80 mg kg−1 day 1 for 7 days, a significant increase of GPCMV infectivity titres in the salivary gland, lung and spleen were noted when compared with those animals treated with DHPG 40mg kg−1 day−1 alone. In addition, histopathological findings showed more cytotoxicity in the bone marrow of infected and non-infected animals treated wth DHPG/AZT combinations than animals treated with each drug alone. These results suggest that AZT antagonizes the antiviral effects of DHPG against HCMV and GPCMV replication in cultured cells and GPCMV infection in guinea pigs with increased cytotoxicity in cultured cells and in bone marrow of animals receiving the drug combinations.

Thrombocytopenia in Guinea Pigs Infected by Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMC)

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
Y Modai ◽  
R Oren ◽  
A de Vries ◽  
A Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Encephalomyocarditis Virus ◽  
Bone Marrow Culture ◽  
Emc Virus ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection ◽  
Marrow Cultures

SummaryIntraperitoneal infection of guinea pigs with Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus led to viremia 2-10 days after infection and to paralysis and death of some of the infected animals. During the course of infection there was marked leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia. No abnormalities were detected in megakaryocytes in bone marrow cultures from infected guinea pigs. Exposure of guinea pig bone marrow culture to EMC virus in vitro impaired granulation and disintegration of megakaryocytes to platelets.

scholarly journals BONE MARROW OF NORMAL GUINEA PIGS

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR SAWITSKY ◽  
LEO M. MEYER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Iliac Crest

Abstract 1. A method is presented describing the technic for obtaining bone marrow from the iliac crest of the guinea pig by aspiration. 2. The cellular constituents in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of normal guinea pigs are presented. 3. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in guinea pigs are compared with those of other observers and with other animal species where the aspiration technic was used.

scholarly journals Studies in Experimental Eosinophilia. I. Repeated Quantitation of Peritoneal Eosinophilia in Guinea Pigs by a Method of Peritoneal Lavage

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1318-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORTIMER LITT
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Peritoneal Lavage ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Biphasic Response

Abstract A method is described for studying peritoneal cosinophilia quantitatively in guinea pigs. With repeated lavaging of the peritoneal cavity, the total number of eosinophils accumulating locally each day can be precisely measured. This procedure can be repeated indefinitely in individual animals. Peritoneal eosinophilia was induced by prolonged series of weekly intraperitoneal injections of horse serum, Limulus hemocyanin or human serum albumin. The response was evident during the first three days following reinjection of foreign protein and ceased by the fourth to the twelfth day. The response was specific, occurring only after reinjection of the same protein used to prepare the animals. With continued injections, the magnitude of the eosinophil response became greater. While the total cell values attained varied considerably from animal to animal, the relative responsiveness of an individual guinea pig remained fairly consistent for months. In the bone marrow, an increased concentration of eosinophils was found in guinea pigs in which peritoneal eosinophilia could be elicited. In the blood stream, the reinjection of horse serum resulted in a biphasic response: there was an increase in the concentration of eosinophils during the first 12 hours and again at various times during the next seven days. Peritoneal exudates were obtained frequently in which as many as 40 per cent of the cells were eosinophils; such exudates commonly contained as many as 50 million eosinophils.

The Action of Leukocytosis-Promoting Factor on the Blood and Bone Marrow of the Guinea Pig

Blood ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. HARRIS ◽  
V. MENKIN ◽  
J. M. YOFFEY
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Quantitative Studies

Abstract Ten normal guinea pigs each weighing approximately 400 Gm. were given intraperitoneal injections of sterile pyrogen-free saline, and another ten were given injections of saline + 25 mg. of Leukocytosis-Promoting Factor (Menkin). The animals were killed 4 hours after the injection and quantitative studies made on the blood and the bone marrow. LPF appears to give rise to a considerable discharge of granulocytes from the bone marrow, much greater than can be accounted for by the leukocytosis which develops. The administration of LPF is also associated with a marked increase in the marrow lymphocytes.

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