Mechanisms Defining Thermal Limits and Adaptation in Marine Ectotherms: An Integrative View

Chapter 2 redefines the three basic concepts of any rhetoric: ethos, logos, and pathos. It relates these elements to the questioning process by which they are rhetorically linked. Special attention is given to logos as a way of answering and expressing questions. This leads to the development of a radically new view of language and the principles of thought. The passage of a propositionalist view of language and reason, indifferent to questioning, to a problematological one, based on questioning is studied through examples of sentences. This leads to an integrative view, in which texts are also seen as answers to questions taken up (partially, i.e. as points of view) by the audience or the reader. The chapter ends with a reformulation of the basic principles of thought (identity, sufficient reason, and non-contradiction) as the three principles necessary to deal with questions, answers, and their relationship.

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Global temperature and life

10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0014 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Clarke

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Natural World ◽

Death Valley ◽

Cell Interior ◽

Ground Temperatures ◽

Thermal Limits ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Continental Shelves ◽

Multicellular Organisms

The extreme meteorological surface air temperatures recorded to date are –89.2 oC in Antarctica, and 56.7 oC in Death Valley, California. Ground temperatures can be higher or lower than these air temperatures. The bulk of oceanic water is cold (< 4 oC) and thermally stable. Whilst data on limits to survival attract considerable attention, the thermal limits to completion of the life cycle (which define the limits to life) are much less well known. Currently identified upper thermal limits for growth are 122 oC for archaeans, 100 oC for bacteria and ~60 oC for unicellular eukaryotes. No unicells appear to grow below –20 oC, a limit that is probably set by dehydration-linked vitrification of the cell interior. The lower thermal limits for survival in multicellular organisms in the natural world extend to at least –70 oC. However in all cases known to date, completion of the life cycle requires summer warmth and the lowest temperature for completion of a multicellular eukaryote life cycle appears to be ~0 oC for invertebrates in glacial meltwater and ~–2 oC for marine invertebrates and fish living on the continental shelves around Antarctica.

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Thermal limits in the face of infectious disease: how important are pathogens?

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/gcb.15761 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias E. Hector ◽

Carla M. Sgrò ◽

Matthew D. Hall

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Thermal Limits ◽

The Face

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Introduction to the special issue–Beyond CT MAX and CT MIN : Advances in studying the thermal limits of reptiles and amphibians

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology ◽

10.1002/jez.2447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 335 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Rory S. Telemeco ◽

Eric J. Gangloff

Keyword(s):

Special Issue ◽

Thermal Limits

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Male fertility thermal limits predict vulnerability to climate warming

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22546-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Belinda van Heerwaarden ◽

Carla M. Sgrò

Keyword(s):

Climate Warming ◽

Experimental Evolution ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Thermal Limits ◽

Critical Thermal Limits

AbstractForecasting which species/ecosystems are most vulnerable to climate warming is essential to guide conservation strategies to minimize extinction. Tropical/mid-latitude species are predicted to be most at risk as they live close to their upper critical thermal limits (CTLs). However, these assessments assume that upper CTL estimates, such as CTmax, are accurate predictors of vulnerability and ignore the potential for evolution to ameliorate temperature increases. Here, we use experimental evolution to assess extinction risk and adaptation in tropical and widespread Drosophila species. We find tropical species succumb to extinction before widespread species. Male fertility thermal limits, which are much lower than CTmax, are better predictors of species’ current distributions and extinction in the laboratory. We find little evidence of adaptive responses to warming in any species. These results suggest that species are living closer to their upper thermal limits than currently presumed and evolution/plasticity are unlikely to rescue populations from extinction.

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