fuel upgrading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Rakoczy ◽  
F. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Upgrading

Surplus forest biomass – The cost of utilisation through optimised logistics and fuel upgrading in northern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 123151
Author(s):  
David A. Agar ◽  
Martin Svanberg ◽  
Ingemar Lindh ◽  
Dimitris Athanassiadis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Fuel Upgrading ◽  
The Cost

Simulation of Solar Thermo-Chemical Hydrogen Production Techniques

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Almodaris ◽  
Sara Khorasani ◽  
Jocin James Abraham ◽  
Nesrin Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Fuel Upgrading ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
And Storage

This paper presents material and energy process-step models of hydrogen production via concentrated solar energy using Aspen Plus®. The paper provides a thorough comparison of solar cracking and solar reforming of methane processes against conventional steam methane reforming. The material and energy balances show that solar cracking is the most environmentally friendly hydrogen production technique. Some of the primary advantages of solar cracking include (1) elimination of CO2 emission, (2) elimination of costs associated with CO2 sequestration, transportation, and storage, and (3) generation of two commercially viable products, namely carbon black and hydrogen which can be used both as a fuel and a commodity. Considering the hydrogen shortage for different hydrogenation and fuel upgrading processes that the petrochemical industry is facing today, hydrogen production from solar cracking may offer an alternative solution. Therefore, it is important to find less energy intensive and more environmentally friendly hydrogen production techniques to meet the demand of industry. The results show that solar cracking is a more environmentally friendly and commercially competitive process compared to solar reforming and steam reforming considering that it produces virtually no carbon dioxide, but produces the commercially viable carbon black as a by-product.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Miscanthus Fuel by Wet Torrefaction on Fuel Upgrading and Gas Emission Behavior

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2669
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Park ◽  
Young-Chan Choi ◽  
Young-Joo Lee ◽  
Hyung-Taek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Advanced Fuel ◽  
Fuel Upgrading ◽  
Emission Behavior

Biomass is a solid fuel that can be used instead of coal to address the issue of greenhouse gases. Currently, biomass is used directly in combustion or via co-combustion in coal-fired power plants. However, its use is limited due to calorific value and ash problems. In this study, wet torrefaction (WT) was carried out at various temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) and the properties of the product were evaluated. In comparison to dry torrefaction, the ash contained in biomass was extracted by an acidic solution (i.e., acetic acid) from the overreaction of the biomass. From examining the ash content of the treated WT, it was confirmed that K2O of basic ash was mainly extracted. In particular, in the case of K2O, since the main cause of combustion problems are issues such as fouling and slagging, the removed WT can be stably combusted in the boiler. Finally, the combustion and emission behaviors were evaluated by TGA-DTG and TGA-FTIR. As the fuel-N was decreased in the WT proess, the NOx in the emission gas after combustion was lower than that of raw miscanthus, and SO2 showed a similar value. As a result, it was confirmed that the WT sample is an advanced fuel in terms of fuel upgrading, alkali minerals, and NOx emission compared to raw miscanthus.

A Temperature Model for Synchronized Ultrasonic Torrefaction and Pelleting of Biomass for Bioenergy Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingman Sun ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Multistep Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Thermochemical Pretreatment ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Fuel Upgrading

Low-energy and volumetric density of biomass has been a major challenge, hindering its large-scale utilization as a bioenergy resource. Torrefaction is a thermochemical pretreatment process that can significantly enhance the properties of biomass as a fuel by increasing the heating value and thermal stability of biomass materials. Densification of biomass by pelleting can greatly increase the volumetric density of biomass to improve its handling efficiency. Currently, torrefaction and pelleting are processed separately. So far, there has been little success in dovetailing torrefaction and pelleting, which only requires a single material loading to produce torrefied pellets. Synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting has been developed to address this challenge. Synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting can produce pellets of high energy and volumetric density in a single step, which tremendously reduces the time and energy consumption compared to that required by the prevailing multistep method. This novel fuel upgrading process can increase the biomass temperature to 473–573 K within tens of seconds to create torrefaction. Studying the temperature distribution is crucial to understand the fuel upgrading mechanism since pellet energy density, thermal stability, volumetric density, and durability are all highly related to temperature. A rheological model was established to instantiate biomass behaviors when undergoing various ultrasonic vibration conditions. Process parameters including ultrasonic amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, and pelleting time were studied to show their effects on temperature at different locations in a pellet. Results indicated that the volumetric heat generation rate was greatly affected by both ultrasonic amplitude and frequency. This model can help to understand the fuel upgrading mechanism in synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting and also to give guidelines for process optimization to produce high-quality fuel pellets.

A Temperature Model for Synchronized Ultrasonic Torrefaction and Pelleting of Biomass for Bioenergy Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingman Sun ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Fuel Upgrading ◽  
Time And Energy

Low energy and volumetric density of cellulosic biomass has been a challenge hindering its large-scale utilization as a bioenergy resource. Torrefaction is a thermochemical pretreatment process that can significantly enhance the properties of biomass as a fuel by increasing the heating value and thermal stability of biomass materials. Densification of cellulosic biomass by pelleting can greatly increase the volumetric density of biomass to improve its handling efficiency. Currently, torrefaction and pelleting are processed separately, which consumes a great amount of time and energy. In addition, it is more difficult to pellet torrefied biomass than untreated biomass. Synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting has been developed to address these challenges. Synchronized ultrasonic torrefaction and pelleting can produce pellets of high energy and volumetric density in a single step, which tremendously reduces the time and energy consumption compared to that by the prevailing multi-step method. This novel fuel upgrading process can increase biomass temperature to 473–573 K within tens of seconds to realize torrefaction. Studying the temperature distribution is a crucial key to understand the fuel upgrading mechanism since pellet energy density, thermal stability, volumetric density, and durability are all highly related to temperature. In this research, a physics-based temperature model is developed to explain torrefaction temperatures measured experimentally and to provide guidelines to optimize process variables to produce high quality pellets that can be used as a sustainable fuel.

scholarly journals Research progress of biomass fuel upgrading and distributed utilization technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 022002
Author(s):  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Yage Gao ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Bowen Xu ◽  
Min Deng
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Fuel Upgrading
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document