The dermal irritation/corrosion potential of four fatty amine ethoxylates was evaluated using domestic swine as an alternative animal model. The weanling pig was chosen for this study due to the similarity of its skin to human skin with respect to structure and physiology. The four products, Armostat® 310 (tallow bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine), Armostat® 410 (coco bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine), Armostat® 710 (oleyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine), and Armostat® 1800 (stearyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine) were applied to the skin of three domestic swine for 4 hours in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines. Dermal reactions were scored up to 168 hours post application. Armostat® 310, Armostat® 410, and Armostat® 710 were all classified as moderately irritating, whereas Armostat® 1800 was nonirritating. None of the additives were corrosive to the skin of domestic swine. These products had been previously classified as corrosive based on studies conducted with rabbits using Armostat® 310. This study demonstrates that the use of a more appropriate animal model will generate data that are relevant to humans for the classification of the potential dermal irritation and/or corrosive properties of chemicals.
THE IMPACT OF AGEING ON THE BITUMEN STIFFNESS MODULUS USING THE CAM MODEL