scholarly journals Engineered Living Materials: Engineered Living Materials: Prospects and Challenges for Using Biological Systems to Direct the Assembly of Smart Materials (Adv. Mater. 19/2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 1870134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Q. Nguyen ◽  
Noémie-Manuelle Dorval Courchesne ◽  
Anna Duraj-Thatte ◽  
Pichet Praveschotinunt ◽  
Neel S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Living Materials

scholarly journals Engineered Living Materials: Prospects and Challenges for Using Biological Systems to Direct the Assembly of Smart Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 1704847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Q. Nguyen ◽  
Noémie-Manuelle Dorval Courchesne ◽  
Anna Duraj-Thatte ◽  
Pichet Praveschotinunt ◽  
Neel S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Living Materials

Adaptronics - an Intelligent Science Adaptive to Advanced Systemes/Micro-Nanosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Ion Gheorghe ◽  
Vasile Bratu ◽  
Octavian G. Donţu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Smart Structures ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Technical Systems

The newly invented word << ADAPTRONICS >> describes essentially technical and technological fields internationally known as intelligent systems, smart structures and smart materials, smart processes, describes how easy is it to build adaptive systems and structures, with the objective of reduction of material, technological and energy for implementation and operation to an absolute minimum, describes different scenarios for such applications focused on trying to simulate "vital functions", and the ability of biological systems to recognize and automatically correct the dysfunctions of their their structure, characteristic desired in technical systems and structures, particularly in areas where safety is essential (eg aircraft, civil structures, etc.), describes "scientific pillars" of the disciplines involved and important components of future structures and systems etc.

scholarly journals Robust Self-Regeneratable Stiff Living Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Manjula-Basavanna ◽  
Anna Duraj-Thatte ◽  
Neel S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Living Materials

AbstractLiving systems have not only the exemplary capability to fabricate materials (e.g. wood, bone) under ambient conditions but they also consist of living cells that imbue them with properties like growth and self-regeneration. Like a seed that can grow into a sturdy living wood, we wondered: can living cells alone serve as the primary building block to fabricate stiff materials? Here we report the fabrication of stiff living materials (SLMs) produced entirely from microbial cells, without the incorporation of any structural biopolymers (e.g. cellulose, chitin, collagen) or biominerals (e.g. hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate) that are known to impart stiffness to biological materials. Remarkably, SLMs are also lightweight, strong, resistant to organic solvents and can self-regenerate. This living materials technology can serve as a powerful biomanufacturing platform to design and develop sustainable structural materials, biosensors, self-regulators, self-healing and environment-responsive smart materials.

Smart Material Composites for Discrete Stiffness Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Allen ◽  
Lee D. Taylor ◽  
John P. Swensen
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
New Class ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Local Stiffness

This paper presents an initial step towards a new class of soft robotics materials, where localized, geometric patterning of smart materials can exhibit discrete levels of stiffness through the combinations of smart materials used. This work is inspired by a variety of biological systems where actuation is accomplished by modulating the local stiffness in conjunction with muscle contractions. Whereas most biological systems use hydrostatic mechanisms to achieve stiffness variability, and many robotic systems have mimicked this mechanism, this work aims to use smart materials to achieve this stiffness variability. Here we present the compositing of the low melting point Field’s metal, shape memory alloy Nitinol, and a low melting point thermoplastic Polycaprolactone (PCL), composited in simple beam structure within silicone rubber. The comparison in bending stiffnesses at different temperatures, which reside between the activation temperatures of the composited smart materials demonstrates the ability to achieve discrete levels of stiffnesses within the soft robotic tissue.

Quantification of noncovalent interactions – promises and problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (39) ◽  
pp. 15498-15512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Binding Mechanisms

Quantification of noncovalent interactions is the key for the understanding of binding mechanisms, of biological systems, for the design of drugs, their delivery and for the design of receptors for separations, sensors, actuators, or smart materials.

Linkage of Inanimate Structures to Biological Systems — Smart Materials in Biological Micro- and Nanosystems

2001 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Stefan Schütz ◽  
Bernhard Weißbecker ◽  
Peter Schroth ◽  
Michael J. Schöning
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biological Systems

Simulation and Modelling of Chemical and Biological Complex Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Polley ◽  
Frank R. Burden ◽  
David A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Simulation And Modelling ◽  
Chemical And Biological Systems ◽  
Complex Systems Science

Most sciences, and notably chemistry and biology, are becoming more interdisciplinary with overlaps between disciplines providing fertile new fields of research. As scientists attempt to model more complicated matter such as protein complexes, regulatory networks, cells, smart materials, biomaterials, and the like, it is clear that the complexity of these systems is difficult to describe using traditional reductionist tools. We describe how the tools and concepts of complex systems science may be applied to the simulation and modelling of complex chemical and biological systems.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

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