Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Conductivity and Transference Number of Li Ions for Li‐Based Rechargeable Batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes mainly based on polyethers have been actively investigated for over 40 years to develop safe, light, and flexible rechargeable batteries. Here, we report novel supramolecular electrolytes (SMEs) composed of polyether derivatives and a two-dimensional boroxine skeleton synthesized by the dehydration condensation of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid in the presence of a polyether with amines on both chain ends. The formation of SMEs based on polyether derivatives and boroxine skeleton was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed to evaluate the electrochemical stability and lithium conductive properties of SMEs with given amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA). The ionic conductivity of SME/LiTFSA composites increased with increasing lithium-salt concentration and reached a maximum value at a higher concentration than those of simple polyether systems. The lithium-ion transference number (tLi+) of SME/LiTFSA was higher than those of polyether electrolytes. This tendency is unusual for a polyether matrix. SME/LiTFSA composite electrolytes exhibited a stable lithium plating/striping process even after 100 cycles. The current density increased with an increasing number of cycles. The combination of ion conductive polymers and a two-dimensional boroxine skeleton will be an interesting concept for developing solid electrolytes with good electrochemical properties.

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Poly(p-phenylene)s tethered with oligo(ethylene oxide): synthesis by Yamamoto polymerization and properties as solid polymer electrolytes

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0py00115e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 2418-2429 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hannes Nederstedt ◽

Patric Jannasch

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Oxide ◽

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

High Conductivity ◽

Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

Side Chains ◽

Thermally Stable ◽

Composite Electrolytes ◽

Rigid Rod

Salt-containing rigid-rod polyphenylenes tethered with ethylene oxide side chains form mechanically and thermally stable “molecular composite electrolytes” reaching high conductivity.

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Proton Conducting Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Solid Polymer Electrolytes Doped with Citric Acid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 895 ◽

pp. 130-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W.F. Ng ◽

Mui Nyuk Chai ◽

M.I.N. Isa

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Proton Conductor ◽

Transference Number ◽

Ionic Mobility ◽

Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

Casting Technique

Novel solid polymer electrolytes containing carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) are prepared based on the vary concentration (0 - 45 wt. %) of citric acid (CA) via solution casting technique. The ion conductivity is studied by electrical impedance spectroscopy and the ionic mobility, μ and the diffusion coefficient, D is investigated by transference number measurement. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature (303K) is 4.38 x 10-7 S cm-1 for 40 wt. % CA. The values of μ+ and D+ were higher than μ- and D- respectively, implying that the CMC-CA solid polymer electrolytes are proton conductor.

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Self-assembled Janus-like multi-ionic lithium salts form nano-structured solid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and Li+ion transference number

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c2ta00085g ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 1731-1739 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Parameswara Rao Chinnam ◽

Stephanie L. Wunder

Keyword(s):

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Transference Number ◽

Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽

High Ionic Conductivity ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

Lithium Salts ◽

Li Ion ◽

Self Assembled

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Compatible Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Methyl Cellulose for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Electrical, and Electrochemical Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12102257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2257 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽

Iver Brevik ◽

Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽

M. A. Brza ◽

Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽

Transference Number ◽

Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

High Concentration ◽

Green Polymer

Compatible green polymer electrolytes based on methyl cellulose (MC) were prepared for energy storage electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) application. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted for structural investigation. The reduction in the intensity of crystalline peaks of MC upon the addition of sodium iodide (NaI) salt discloses the growth of the amorphous area in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Impedance plots show that the uppermost conducting electrolyte had a smaller bulk resistance. The highest attained direct current DC conductivity was 3.01 × 10−3 S/cm for the sample integrated with 50 wt.% of NaI. The dielectric analysis suggests that samples in this study showed non-Debye behavior. The electron transference number was found to be lower than the ion transference number, thus it can be concluded that ions are the primary charge carriers in the MC–NaI system. The addition of a relatively high concentration of salt into the MC matrix changed the ion transfer number from 0.75 to 0.93. From linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the green polymer electrolyte in this work was actually stable up to 1.7 V. The consequence of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot suggests that the nature of charge storage at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces is a non-Faradaic process and specific capacitance is subjective by scan rates. The relatively high capacitance of 94.7 F/g at a sweep rate of 10 mV/s was achieved for EDLC assembly containing a MC–NaI system.

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The Influence of Crystallization on the Ionic Conductivity of PEO/LiClO4 Polymer Electrolytes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.38 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1090 ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Yu Feng Wang ◽

Xiao Can Zhang ◽

Gui Wu Lu ◽

Qiong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Ionic Conductivity ◽

Heat Resistance ◽

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Conductivity ◽

Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

Melt Temperature ◽

Influence Of Crystallization

It’s generally accepted that the transport of lithium ions in solid polymer electrolytes exists mainly in the amorphous regions, thus the research has focused on reducing the crystallinity to obtain high conductivity at room temperature. However, the point has been challenged: crystalline systems can provide a better ionic conductivity. In this paper, PEO/LiClO4polymer electrolytes with different lithium-oxygen ratios were prepared by melt-blending. The results show that [EO]/ [Li+] = 3 system has higher ionic conductivity, 4.26×10-6S/cm, more than twice as that of [EO]/ [Li+] = 4 system. DSC and XRD results show PEO3:LiClO4crystalline phase present in both systems, the crystallinity of [EO]/ [Li+] = 3 system is higher. It illustrates the generally accepted mechanism is not suitable for these systems, suggesting the high conductivity of [EO]/ [Li+] = 3 system is due to the unique crystal structure of PEO3:LiClO4. Besides, as the crystallinity increases, the tensile strength of [EO]/ [Li+] = 3 system increases greatly, to 1.43 MPa. In addition, because of the high melt temperature of PEO3:LiClO4, the electrolytes will gain excellent heat resistance. In summary, this paper provides a new idea to prepare polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, improved strength and excellent heat resistance in large scale.

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