Generalized mass-transfer correction factor for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

AIChE Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 3353-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Geraldes ◽  
Maria Diná Afonso
Author(s):  
Leonid S. Bobe ◽  
Nikolay A. Salnikov

Analysis and calculation have been conducted of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis in the membrane apparatus of the system for recycling hygiene water for the space station. The paper describes the physics of the reverse osmosis treatment and determines the motive force of the process, which is the difference of effective pressures (operating pressure minus osmotic pressure) in the solution near the surface of the membrane and in the purified water. It is demonstrated that the membrane scrubbing action is accompanied by diffusion outflow of the cleaning agent components away from the membrane. The mass transfer coefficient and the difference of concentrations (and, accordingly, the difference of osmotic pressures) in the boundary layer of the pressure channel can be determined using an extended analogy between mass transfer and heat transfer. A procedure has been proposed and proven in an experiment for calculating the throughput of a reverse osmosis apparatus purifying the hygiene water obtained through the use of a cleaning agent used in sanitation and housekeeping procedures on Earth. Key words: life support system, hygiene water, water processing, low-pressure reverse osmosis, space station.


Desalination ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Zamani ◽  
Jia Wei Chew ◽  
Ebrahim Akhondi ◽  
William B. Krantz ◽  
Anthony G. Fane

Desalination ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Weißbrodt ◽  
Michael Manthey ◽  
Birgit Ditgens ◽  
Günther Laufenberg ◽  
Benno Kunz

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Alexander Präbst ◽  
Florian Kiefer ◽  
Alexander Kroiß ◽  
Markus Spinnler ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Asselin ◽  
Y. Comeau ◽  
Q. A. Ton-That

The alpha correction factor (KLa process water/KLa clean water; where KLa is the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient) was evaluated for 4 kinds of static aerators and 2 kinds of fine bubble diffusers used in municipal facultative aerated lagoons. For this purpose, a 40 m3 steel tank was filled (3.1 m side water depth) with clean or process water. The process water consisted of “mixed liquor” from a municipal facultative aerated lagoon divided into a cascade of four identical basins that were 3.5 m deep. Results showed that in the last three basins, the alpha correction factors were relatively high, being between 0.85 to 0.95 for any type of aeration device. In the first lagoon, however, the alpha correction factors were between 0.70 and 0.90 for static aerators and about 0.70 for fine bubble diffusers. Furthermore, at the inlet of the first basin, the alpha factor was as low as 0.59 for a static aerator and 0.26 for a fine bubble diffuser, due to the composition of the “mixed liquor”. It was shown that the alpha correction factor that should be used for the design of aeration systems for facultative aerated lagoons should be lower in the first basin of a series of basins and could be higher than 0.85 for the downstream basins.


Desalination ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Srivathsan ◽  
Eph M. Sparrow ◽  
John M. Gorman

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