Methodological considerations in the use of salivary α-amylase as a stress marker in field research

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. DeCaro
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Stress Marker ◽  
Methodological Considerations

scholarly journals Methodological Challenges in Studying Trust in Natural Resources Management

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Antonia Sohns ◽  
Gordon M. Hickey ◽  
Jasper R. de Vries ◽  
Owen Temby
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
And Control

Trust has been identified as a central characteristic of successful natural resource management (NRM), particularly in the context of implementing participatory approaches to stakeholder engagement. Trust is, however, a multi-dimensional and multi-level concept that is known to evolve recursively through time, challenging efforts to empirically measure its impact on collaboration in different NRM settings. In this communication we identify some of the challenges associated with conceptualizing and operationalizing trust in NRM field research, and pay particular attention to the inter-relationships between the concepts of trust, perceived risk and control due to their multi-dimensional and interacting roles in inter-organizational collaboration. The challenge of studying trust begins with its conceptualization, which impacts the terminology being used, thereby affecting the subsequent operationalization of trust in survey and interview measures, and the interpretation of these measures by engaged stakeholders. Building from this understanding, we highlight some of the key methodological considerations, including how trust is being conceptualized and how the associated measures are being developed, deployed, and validated in order to facilitate cross-context and cross-level comparisons. Until these key methodological issues are overcome, the nuanced roles of trust in NRM will remain unclear.

Memory, Oral History and the End of Slavery in Tanzania: Some Methodological Considerations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Georg Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Archival Record ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Considerations

This chapter explores how the end of slavery is remembered in Tanzania. While the subject of ‘The end of slavery in Africa’ has attracted a substantial number of outstanding scholars, few researchers have conducted oral interviews, especially in East Africa. The author undertook field research, collecting contemporary memories of the end of slavery over a period of three months in the mid-1990s in various parts of Tanzania. The interviews were meant to complement archival research. The chapter shows that the memory of the end of slavery and the archival record fail to correspond with each other, and offers an explanation of why this is the case.

Conducting field research in a primary school setting: Methodological considerations for maximizing response rates, data quality and quantity

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Trapp ◽  
Billie Giles-Corti ◽  
Karen Martin ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
Karen Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Methodological Considerations

scholarly journals Methodological considerations of clinical research with Deaf adults in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Wangari Ngugi ◽  
Dana Basnight-Brown ◽  
Josephine N. Arasa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Assistants ◽  
Desk Review

Clinical research with adults who are Deaf in Kenya is nascent and with a loose array of methodological considerations detailed by various authors (Kakiri, 2019). Indeed, Deaf clinical research considerations are necessary for viable outcomes. A desk review of Deaf studies found that there are certain global sets of principles on ethical research and clinical practice considerations with Deaf populations. The document analysis method was used in this literature review, revealing the need for modifications to the standard protocol including the use of a visual-spatial language (Kenyan Sign Language) rather than a spoken language (English), as well as coding and procedural variations from the standardized protocol to fully accommodate Deaf culture. The use of Deaf research assistants or/and the researcher’s reflexivity as a Hearing signing researcher are certain key component of field research considerations. Since the Deaf are a marginalized sub-set of the population, paradigmatic as well as methodological considerations are recommended for effective clinical research in Kenya.

scholarly journals When normal and deviant identities collide: Methodological considerations of the pregnant acafan

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ingram-Waters
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Male Pregnancy ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In this article, I examine how my visibly pregnant body influenced my experience as a field researcher at a fan convention, interviewing amateur fan fiction authors who write Harry Potter male-pregnancy fan fiction. Despite my efforts at carefully cultivating an identity as an acafan (a researcher who identifies as both a fan and a scholar of fandom), my identity as a pregnant woman was most salient throughout my fieldwork. I argue that because of the particular genre of fan fiction, male pregnancy (mpreg), which my participants engaged with, my status as a normative, heterosexual, publicly pregnant woman negatively affected the research process: my interactions with my interviewees deviated from my expectations in ways that shaped the data I collected. When I analyzed my field notes, I found a strong correlation between interviewees' recognition of my pregnancy and interviewees' experience of stigma associated with authors of mpreg. This research contributes to several bodies of work: the interplay between online and real-life identities, the role of the researcher in field research, and the role of pregnant researchers.

Sport Personology: A Paradigmatic and Methodological Analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. Vealey
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Previous Review ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In a previous review of the literature between 1950 and 1973, sport personology—the study of personality theory and research in sport—was examined with regard to paradigmatic and methodological issues (Martens, 1975). This study follows up and extends that article by examining trends and issues that have developed in sport personology since that time. A content analysis of the sport personality research published in selected journals and proceedings between 1974 and 1987 was made with regard to paradigm, methodological considerations, and objectives. The results indicated that sport personology has shifted paradigmatically from the trait paradigm to interactionism, but the cognitive interactional approach has overshadowed the trait-state interactional approach. Methodological trends included an emphasis on correlational methods and field research. With regard to research objectives, most studies focused on description and prediction with only a few studies focused on intervention.

TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR LIGHT-DOSIMETRY STUDIES: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Hartmeyer ◽  
F.S. Webler ◽  
M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Light Dosimetry ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Visual Light

For field research of non-visual effects of light, accurate measurement of personal light exposure is required. A consensus framework for light-dosimetry could improve non-visual field research and ensure comparability between studies. Here we present a review of methodologies used in non-visual light-dosimetry studies published to date, focussing on considerations regarding the measurement and preparation of personal light exposure data. Overall, a large variability in the studies’ methodologies is observed, highlighting the need for a consensus framework. We propose methodological considerations that should be included in such a framework and that can guide future studies. Furthermore, we highlight important points that should be addressed in future research to ensure compatibility between different dosimetry studies. Taken together, this review effort underlines the importance of a systematic approach to light-dosimetry in order to harness all the power of integrative lighting research in real-life.

The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽  
Sarah Guth ◽  
Angelo Andrianiaina ◽  
Santino Andry ◽  
Anecia Gentles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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