Comparison between febuxostat and allopurinol uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and hyperuricemia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Objective Heart failure (HF) is a common and highly morbid cardiovascular disorder. Oxidative stress worsens HF, and uric acid (UA) is a useful oxidative stress marker. The novel anti-hyperuricemic drug febuxostat is a potent non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The present study examined the UA-lowering and prognostic effects of febuxostat in patients with HF compared with conventional allopurinol. Methods This multicenter, randomized trial included 263 patients with chronic HF who were randomly assigned to two groups and received allopurinol or febuxostat (UA >7.0 mg/dL). All patients were followed up for 3 years after enrollment. Results There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups. The UA level was significantly decreased after 3 years of drug administration compared with the baseline in both groups. Urine levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine were lower in the febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (11.0 ± 9.6 vs. 22.9 ± 15.9 ng/mL), and the rate of patients free from hospitalization due to worsening HF tended to be higher in the febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (89.0% vs. 83.0%). Conclusions Febuxostat is potentially more effective than allopurinol for treating patients with chronic HF and hyperuricemia. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ ; ID: 000009817).

The expression of essential selenoproteins during zebrafish development requires SECIS binding protein 2-like

The dietary requirement for selenium is based on its incorporation into selenoproteins, which contain the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). The Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) is an RNA structure found in the 3' UTR of all selenoprotein mRNAs, and it is required to convert in-frame UGA codons from termination to Sec-incorporating codons. There are two proteins that bind to SECIS elements, but only one, SECIS binding protein 2 (Sbp2), has been shown to be required for Sec incorporation. The Sbp2 paralogue, SECIS binding protein 2-like (Secisbp2l) is conserved in all vertebrates and shares many features with Sbp2, but its function is unknown. Here we set out to determine the relative roles of Sbp2 and Secisbp2l by introducing CRISPR mutations in both genes in zebrafish. By monitoring selenoprotein synthesis with 75Se labeling during embryogenesis, we found that sbp2-/- embryos still make a select subset of selenoproteins but secisbp2l-/- embryos retain the full complement. Abrogation of both genes completely prevents selenoprotein synthesis and juveniles die at 14 days post fertilization. Embryos lacking Sbp2 are sensitive to oxidative stress and express the stress marker Vtg1. We propose a model where Secisbp2l is required to promote essential selenoprotein synthesis during stress.

Malondialdehyde, an Oxidative Stress Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To qualitative and quantitatively review published literature assessing the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: Pubmed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Willey Online Library, Cochrane, and Cross Reference were searched for studies assessing MDA levels in OSCC samples. Results: From the 1008 articles identified, 849 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to duplication and irrelevance to the topic of interest. Full-text assessment of the remaining 159 articles led to the inclusion of only 46 articles that satisfied the selection criteria. Of these, only 26 studies had data compatible for quantitative analysis. The MDA levels in OSCC groups are significantly increased (p < 0.00001) in plasma, serum, and saliva samples in the majority of the studies evaluated. In contrast, MDA levels in OSCC tissue samples are significantly attenuated (p < 0.00001) compared to healthy controls, supported by fewer studies. Conclusions: The augmented MDA levels in plasma, serum, and saliva samples of the OSCC reflect the heightened oxidative stress level accurately. Further studies are required to understand the attenuated MDA levels in the tissue samples of OSCC. Correlation analysis between MDA levels with established clinicopathological prognostic markers could aid in formulating oxidative stress-based prognostication and treatment planning.

Stress Condition on a Restricted Sodium Diet Using Umami Substance (L-Glutamate) in a Pilot Randomized Cross-Over Study

Hypertensive patients who adopt a sodium-restricted diet have difficulty maintaining this change, and this could increase stress. On the other hand, soup rich in umami substances (dashi) was reported to reduce indexes of anxiety and stress. The objective of this study was to measure mood and physiological stress indexes during administration of a sodium-restricted diet with and without an umami substance (free L-glutamate) by a cross-over randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Japanese female university students. The baseline was measured for 5 days followed by a sodium-restricted diet intervention phase that lasted for 10 days. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was administered, a stress marker in saliva (chromogranin-A) was measured, and the amount of sodium intake was confirmed from 24 h urine collection samples. Results showed that the sodium reduction was verified by 24 h urine excretion. The percentage of change in the stress marker from the baseline showed that the stress level in group without the umami substance was significantly higher than that in the group with the umami substance (p = 0.013) after receiving a sodium-reduced diet for 6 or more days, indicating that stress was alleviated. This study suggested that umami substances might help to ameliorate stress during a sodium-reduced diet, especially in the initial phase.

Evaluation of Urinary Oxidative stress Marker and presence of microalbuminuria in patients with Covid-19 disease as a measure of kidney involvement

subject: COVID19 virus, as of those being pandemic, infected millions of humans dead and because of the unknown impact of the pandemic on the population .in Wuhan is a new coronavirus discovered in China in December 2019. By WHO, it is predicted that, by March 11, 2020, the disease pandemic will have spread throughout the world. Must patient was found elevated D- Dimer, oxidative stress reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fasting blood sugar. Besides, increase blood urea and end with dialysis. the objective of the study: To better understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by finding possible predictors for kidney damage by a correlation between microalbuminuria and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR)with oxidative stress marker 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha in urine Material and method:- group I; consist 80 participants (male &female ) hospitalization with covid 19 severe and non sever (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction) COVID-19 patients showed a significant elevation in the levels of albuminuria and oxidative stress marker, we concluded a proportional correlation between the aforementioned parameters and COVID-19 suggesting the uses of these tests to the diagnosis early kidney damage. -group II: consist of 80 participants (male &female ) recovering from coronavirus as a control Results: This study showed a high correlation between Albuminurea and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) with oxidative stress marker8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha in non-severe and severe in patients with COVID-19. Also, the study showed a high correlation between D-dimer and disease progression and severity in patients with COVI19. Conclusion: There is a correlation between Albuminurea and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) with oxidative stress marker8-iso -prostaglandin F2alpha in non-severe and severe in patients with COVID-19 during Progression Keywords: COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), ACR oxidative stress, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha lipid peroxidation, and albuminuria.

Usefulness of oxidative stress marker evaluation at admission to the intensive care unit in patients with COVID-19

Objective Two critical processes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic involve assessing patients’ intensive care needs and predicting disease progression during patients’ intensive care unit (ICU) stay. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress marker status at ICU admission and ICU discharge status in patients with COVID-19. Methods We included patients in a tertiary referral center ICU during June–December 2020. Scores of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and clinical severity, radiologic scores, and healthy discharge status were noted. We collected peripheral blood samples at ICU admission to evaluate total antioxidants, total oxidants, catalase, and myeloperoxidase levels. Results Thirty-one (24 male, 7 female) patients were included. At ICU admission, patients’ mean APACHE II score at ICU admission was 17.61 ± 8.9; the mean SOFA score was 6.29 ± 3.16. There was no significant relationship between clinical severity and oxidative stress (OS) markers nor between radiological imaging and COVID-19 data classification and OS levels. Differences in OS levels between patients with healthy and exitus discharge status were not significant. Conclusions We found no significant relationship between oxidative stress marker status in patients with COVID-19 at ICU admission and patients’ ICU discharge status.

Hepatoprotective Property of Phyllanthus amarus Alkaloid-Rich Fraction with Respect to Oxidative Stress Marker Enzymes

A disruption in the equilibrium between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense enzymes is referred to as oxidative stress. In the present study, we planned to identify the hepatoprotective effect of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid rich fraction in wistar strain albino male rats. The hepatic damage was induced by the D-galactosamine and ameliorative effect was tested with alkaloid rich fraction of P. amarus by measuring oxidative stress markers such as G6PDH, LDH, SDH, MDH and GDH in the liver tissue. Activity levels of G6PDH, SDH, MDH and GDH were significantly decreased in D-galactosamine induced hepatitis rats when compare to normal control rat group, while their activities were significantly increased in hepatitis rat group that supplemented with alkaloid rich fraction of P. amarus. In contrast, LDH enzyme activity of liver was significantly increased in the hepatitis rat group when compare to normal control rats, while its activity was significantly decreased in hepatitis rats treated with alkaloid fraction. In conclusion, it is very clear that alkaloid fraction of P. amarus has hepatoprotective property with respect of decreasing oxidative stress by regulating oxidative stress marker enzymes. The isolation and identification of specific alkaloid compounds with hepatoprotective properties and anti-oxidative stress will require much further research.