scholarly journals Progressive dysexecutive syndrome due to Alzheimer’s disease: A description of 55 cases and comparisons to other clinical AD phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Townley ◽  
Jonathan Graff‐Radford ◽  
William G. Mantyh ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Angelina J. Polsinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome

The Dysexecutive Syndrome of Alzheimer's Disease: The GREFEX Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Godefroy ◽  
Olivier Martinaud ◽  
Marc Verny ◽  
Chrystèle Mosca ◽  
Hermine Lenoir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome

scholarly journals Ecological assessment of executive functions in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA ESPINOSA ◽  
MONTSERRAT ALEGRET ◽  
MERCÈ BOADA ◽  
GEORGINA VINYES ◽  
SERGI VALERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Action Program ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
Normal Cognition

AbstractAlthough memory deficits are typically the earliest and most profound symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is increasing recognition of subtle executive dysfunctions in these patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine the sensitivity of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), and to detect early specific signs of the dysexecutive syndrome in the transition from normal cognition to dementia. The BADS was administered to 50 MCI subjects, 50 mild AD patients, and 50 normal controls. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups with the AD patients performing most poorly, and the MCI subjects performing between controls and AD patients. The Rule Shift Cards and the Action Program subtests were the most highly discriminative between MCI and controls; the Zoo Map and Modified Six Elements between MCI and AD; and the Action Program, Zoo Map, and Modified Six Elements between AD and controls. These results demonstrate that the BADS is clinically useful in discriminating between normal cognition and progressive neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, these data confirm the presence of a dysexecutive syndrome even in mildly impaired elderly subjects. (JINS, 2009, 15, 751–757.)

scholarly journals Progressive dysexecutive syndrome due to Alzheimer’s disease: a description of 55 cases and comparison to other phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Townley ◽  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
William G Mantyh ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Angelina J Polsinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We report a group of patients presenting with a progressive dementia syndrome characterized by predominant dysfunction in core executive functions, relatively young age of onset and positive biomarkers for Alzheimer’s pathophysiology. Atypical frontal, dysexecutive/behavioural variants and early-onset variants of Alzheimer’s disease have been previously reported, but no diagnostic criteria exist for a progressive dysexecutive syndrome. In this retrospective review, we report on 55 participants diagnosed with a clinically defined progressive dysexecutive syndrome with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers available. Sixty-two per cent of participants were female with a mean of 15.2 years of education. The mean age of reported symptom onset was 53.8 years while the mean age at diagnosis was 57.2 years. Participants and informants commonly referred to initial cognitive symptoms as ‘memory problems’ but upon further inquiry described problems with core executive functions of working memory, cognitive flexibility and cognitive inhibitory control. Multi-domain cognitive impairment was evident in neuropsychological testing with executive dysfunction most consistently affected. The frontal and parietal regions which overlap with working memory networks consistently demonstrated hypometabolism on positron emission tomography. Genetic testing for autosomal dominant genes was negative in all eight participants tested and at least one APOE ε4 allele was present in 14/26 participants tested. EEG was abnormal in 14/17 cases with 13 described as diffuse slowing. Furthermore, CSF or neuroimaging biomarkers were consistent with Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, although CSF p-tau was normal in 24% of cases. Fifteen of the executive predominate participants enrolled in research neuroimaging protocols and were compared to amnestic (n = 110), visual (n = 18) and language (n = 7) predominate clinical phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease. This revealed a consistent pattern of hypometabolism in parieto-frontal brain regions supporting executive functions with relative sparing of the medial temporal lobe (versus amnestic phenotype), occipital (versus visual phenotype) and left temporal (versus language phenotype). We propose that this progressive dysexecutive syndrome should be recognized as a distinct clinical phenotype disambiguated from behavioural presentations and not linked specifically to the frontal lobe or a particular anatomic substrate without further study. This clinical presentation can be due to Alzheimer’s disease but is likely not specific for any single aetiology. Diagnostic criteria are proposed to facilitate additional research into this understudied clinical presentation.

scholarly journals Reliability study of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome adapted for a Brazilian sample of older-adult controls and probable early Alzheimer's disease patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Canali ◽  
Sonia M. D. Brucki ◽  
Paulo H. F. Bertolucci ◽  
Orlando F. A. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Executive Function Deficits

OBJECTIVE: Ecological tests are useful in assessing executive function deficits and may be of value in appraising response to treatment in Alzheimer's disease patients. Our aims were to examine executive function using the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for a Brazilian sample of older-adult controls and probable early Alzheimer's disease patients, and verify the applicability of this test battery. METHOD: Forty-one older-adult controls were matched with mild Alzheimer's disease patients by age, education, and gender. RESULTS: There significant inter-group differences in overall profile and almost all subtests except temporal judgment, time spent on planning the first and second Zoo Map visit, number of errors when copying drawings, naming pictures and Six Modified Elements arithmetic, and dysexecutive questionnaire self-rating. The Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome item that best discriminated controls from patients was the Modified Six Elements - adapted (general index), with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90%, (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome was effective in detecting executive function deficits in mild Alzheimer's disease patients, particularly the task switching, time monitoring, and rule-shift subtests.

Longitudinal analysis of a two-component model of the memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Becker ◽  
Olurotimi Bajulaiye ◽  
Christine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Initial Observation ◽  
Amnesic Syndrome ◽  
Rapid Information Processing ◽  
One Year

SYNOPSISThe memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been characterized as consisting of multiple components. The purpose of this study was to confirm the utility of a two-process model, and to examine changes in the nature and extent of the neuropsychological deficits after a one-year interval. The results replicate the initial observation that the memory loss in AD can be described as consisting of a focal amnesic syndrome and a dysexecutive syndrome characterized by failure of rapid information processing and search of both episodic and semantic memory. One year after the initial observation, all dysexecutive patients and the majority of the amnesic patients had become non-focal. No patient developed a dysexecutive syndrome, but 18 patients developed amnesic syndromes. These results suggest that, like other aspects of the cognitive deficits of AD, the memory loss is multifactorial. These results have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of AD, and for designing pharmacotherapeutic intervention.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

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