Relationship Between Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in Fujian Province: A Case-Control Study

Background:Outdoor air pollutants, especially particulate matters, are defined as a type of carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Studies have shown that air pollutionis associated with lung cancer morbidity or mortality. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between air pollutants and primary lung cancer in Fujian Province, China. Methods:We conducted a hospital-based, retrospective, case–control epidemiological study on three different populations to assess the occurrence of lung cancer caused by exposure to various levels of air pollution. Statistical analysiswas performed using the SPSS 25.0. Unconditional logistic regression modeling and identification of possible confounding factors were performed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for air pollution indexes and lung cancer risk. Results: The total study population comprised 885 lung cancer patients and 1,220 healthy controls. The following parameters were identified as risk factors for lung cancer among the total population: smoking; exposure to cooking oil fumes; passive smoking; medical history of lung disease; family history of lung cancer; and exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and O3. Fruit intake and physical exercise were protective against lung cancer. For smokers, medical history of lung disease, family history of lung cancer, and exposure to PM10, and PM2.5 were risk factors for lung cancer, while fruit intake and physical exercise were protective factors. Among non-smokers, exposure to cooking oil fumes; medical history of lung disease; family history of lung cancer; and exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and O3 were factors increasing the risk of lung cancer, while fruit intake, physical exercise, and tea drinking were protective factors. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and O3 was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer, with the risk being greater for non-smokers and persons exposed to cooking oil fumes.

Needs and Concerns of Lewy Body Disease Family Caregivers: A Qualitative Study

Lewy body disease (LBD) is a devastating condition with cognitive and physical deficits that pose a challenge to family caregivers. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and concerns of family caregivers of persons with LBD. A convenience sample of LBD caregivers were interviewed regarding their caregiving needs, concerns, strategies, and advice. A content analysis approach was used to organize data into themes from an existing needs and concerns framework. Findings included the need for more information about the disease, strategies for managing LBD-related emotions and behaviors, support and assistance with physical and instrumental care, and strategies for managing one’s own personal responses to caregiving. Findings highlight the need for a Lewy body specific caregiver assessment tool and future caregiver interventions.

Determinant Of Chronic Energy Deficiency (Kek) In Pregnant Women In The Working Area Of Siak Hulu Iii Health Center Of Kampar Regency

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) pregnant women is a situation where a pregnant woman experiences nutritional deficiencies (calories and protein) that have long or chronic competition. In 2018, national the prevalence of CED in pregnant women is 17,3%, and the Siak Health Center prevalence of CED deficiency in pregnant women was 21,4%. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that influence the CED in pregnant women in the working area of the Siak Hulu III Health Center of Kampar district. The method of this research was a descriptive quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 70 respondents in the working area Puskesmas Siak Hulu III. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with the dependent variable, namely pregnant women with CED if the upper circumference <23,5 cm, and the dependent variable was knowledge, infectious disease, family income, parity, and hyperemesis gravidarum. The data analysis was a bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The instrument used questionnaires and data processing using computerized. The results showed a correlation between knowledge on pregnant women CED (p-value 0,158 OR = 2,602), the influence of infectious diseases on pregnant women CED (p-value 0,003 OR = 5,881), family income (p-value 0,025 OR = 0,231), parity) (p-value 0,025 OR = 4,333), and hyperemesis gravidarum (p-value 0,017 OR = 3,934). It can be concluded that there is an influence between infectious disease, family income, parity, hyperemesis gravidarum, and health workers, in particular, are expected to be able to provide information.

The National Institute on Aging Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Based Study: A Critical Component of the International Effort to Understand Alzheimer's Disease

INTRODUCTION: The National Institute on Aging Late-Onset Alzheimers Disease Family Based Study (NIA-LOAD FBS) was established to study the genetic etiology of Alzheimers disease (AD). METHODS: Recruitment focused on families with two living affected siblings and a third first degree relative similar in age with or without dementia. Uniform assessments were completed, DNA was obtained as was neuropathology, when possible. APOE genotypes, genome-wide SNP arrays and sequencing was completed in the majority of families. RESULTS: A wide range in the age-at-onset in many large families was related to APOE genotype, but not in all. Variants typically associated with early-onset AD and frontotemporal dementia were also found. DISCUSSION: The NIA-LOAD FBS is the largest collection of familial AD worldwide, and data or samples have been included in 126 publications addressing the genetic etiology of AD. Genetic heterogeneity and variability in the age-at-onset provides opportunities to investigate the complexity of familial AD.

A Milroy Disease Family Caused by FLT4 Gene Mutation of c.2774 T>A

Background: Milroy disease (MD) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder. Mutations in the Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) gene cause the symptoms of this disease. In this report, we investigated the mutations in a large Chinese family with MD.Methods: We conducted Sanger sequencing of exons 17–26 of the FLT4 (NM_182925.4) gene. The primers were as follows: forward, 5' CTTCATCAGCGTCGAGTGG 3' and reverse, 5' ATTATGGGCGGGTTCCTT 3'. The amplification system is as follows: 2×Biotech Power PCR Mix, 10 µl; forward primer, 0.8 µl (10 µM); reverse primer, 0.8 µl (10 µM); DNA template, 1 µl (50 ng/µl); and ddH2O, 13.4 µl. The mutation was evaluated with MutationTaster, SIFT and PolyPhen.Results: A heterozygous substitution was detected in all patients but not in any healthy controls (FLT4 gene: c.2774 T>A, p.V925E). The mutation was predicted to be pathogenic.Conclusions: In this report, we described a large family with MD caused by a missense mutation of the FLT4 gene (c.2774 T>A, p.V925E).

Assessment of Quality of Life and Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mashhad, Iran

Background: Diabetes is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder in the world. Complications of diabetes mellitus can have an extreme effect on the quality of life in terms of physical and mental health, as well as social and environmental well-being. Objectives: The current study aimed to measure the quality of life, its determinants, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the diabetes clinic of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad on 140 patients with type 2 diabetes from October to December 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF-26 items) were used for data collection. Data analysis was carried out with the Mann-Whitney test and ANCOVA. Results: The mean age of study participants was 58.41 ± 8.91 years, and the majority of them (67.14%) were female. The overall self-care score was 43.32 ± 10.93 in males and 39.93 ± 9.94 in females. The mean scores of the dimensions of quality of life were 61.29 ± 15.66 for physical health, 60.62 ± 13.70 for mental health, 68.67 ± 11.63 for social health, and 61.54 ± 14.88 for environmental health. Among self-care behaviors, physical activity (P = 0.006) was a stronger predictor of quality of life. Demographic characteristics (except for the duration of disease, family history, and age) showed significant correlations with the overall aspects of quality of life. Conclusions: The quality of life of people with diabetes was correlated with some demographic variables. However, the duration of disease, family history, and age did not have any effect on the quality of life. We found that the self-care behavior of physical activity was a significant predictor of quality of life in adults with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to implement programs to improve self-care behaviors.