Achieving Atomic Dispersion of Highly Loaded Transition Metals in Small‐Pore Zeolite SSZ‐13: High‐Capacity and High‐Efficiency Low‐Temperature CO and Passive NO
            
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Biochar application is reported as a method for improving physical and chemical soil properties, with a still questionable impact on the crop yields and quality. Plant productivity can be affected by biochar properties and soil conditions. High efficiency of biochar application was reported many times for plant cultivation in tropical and arid climates; however, the knowledge of how the biochar affects soils in temperate climate zones exhibiting different properties is still limited. Therefore, a three-year-long field experiment was conducted on a loamy Haplic Luvisol, a common arable soil in Central Europe, to extend the laboratory-scale experiments on biochar effectiveness. A low-temperature pinewood biochar was applied at the rate of 50 t h−1, and maize was selected as a tested crop. Biochar application did not significantly impact the chemical soil properties and fertility of tested soil. However, biochar improved soil physical properties and water retention, reducing plant water stress during hot dry summers, and thus resulting in better maize growth and higher yields. Limited influence of the low-temperature biochar on soil properties suggests the crucial importance of biochar-production technology and biochar properties on the effectiveness and validity of its application in agriculture.

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Effect of SnO2 Colloidal Dispersion Solution Concentration on the Quality of Perovskite Layer of Solar Cells

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11050591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 591

Author(s):

Keke Song ◽

Xiaoping Zou ◽

Huiyin Zhang ◽

Chunqian Zhang ◽

Jin Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Temperature ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Surface Condition ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Colloidal Dispersion ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Perovskite Layer ◽

Dispersion Solution

The electron transport layer (ETL) is critical to carrier extraction for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, the morphology and surface condition of the ETL could influence the topography of the perovskite layer. ZnO, TiO2, and SnO2 were widely investigated as ETL materials. However, TiO2 requires a sintering process under high temperature and ZnO has the trouble of chemical instability. SnO2 possesses the advantages of low-temperature fabrication and high conductivity, which is critical to the performance of PSCs prepared under low temperature. Here, we optimized the morphology and property of SnO2 by modulating the concentration of a SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution. When adjusting the concentration of SnO2 colloidal dispersion solution to 5 wt.% (in water), SnO2 film indicated better performance and the perovskite film has a large grain size and smooth surface. Based on high efficiency (16.82%), the device keeps a low hysteresis index (0.23).

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High-Efficiency Low-Temperature ZnO Based Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Highly Polar, Nonwetting Self-Assembled Molecular Layers

Advanced Energy Materials ◽

10.1002/aenm.201701683 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1701683 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Randi Azmi ◽

Wisnu Tantyo Hadmojo ◽

Septy Sinaga ◽

Chang-Lyoul Lee ◽

Sung Cheol Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Temperature ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Self Assembled ◽

Molecular Layers

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High Efficiency Combined Aggregate – Submerged Combustion Melter–Electric Furnace for Vitrification of High-Level Radioactive Wastes

12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/icone12-49298 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. S. Pioro ◽

I. L. Pioro

Keyword(s):

Electric Furnace ◽

High Efficiency ◽

High Capacity ◽

Main Idea ◽

Melting Process ◽

Radioactive Wastes ◽

Single Stage ◽

Interface Surface ◽

High Level ◽

Submerged Combustion

It is well known that high-level radioactive wastes (HLRAW) are usually vitrified inside electric furnaces. Disadvantages of electric furnaces are their low melting capacity and restrictions on charge preparation. Therefore, a new concept for a high efficiency combined aggregate – submerged combustion melter (SCM)–electric furnace was developed for vitrification of HLRAW. The main idea of this concept is to use the SCM as the primary high-capacity melting unit with direct melt drainage into an electric furnace. The SCM employs a single-stage method for vitrification of HLRAW. The method includes concentration (evaporation), calcination, and vitrification of HLRAW in a single-stage process inside a melting chamber of the SCM. Specific to the melting process is the use of a gas-air or gas-oxygen-air mixture with direct combustion inside a melt. Located inside the melt are high-temperature zones with increased reactivity of the gas phase, the existence of a developed interface surface, and intensive mixing, leading to intensification of the charge melting and vitrification process. The electric furnace clarifies molten glass, thus preparing the high-quality melt for subsequent melt pouring into containers for final storage.

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High-efficiency heterojunction solar cells on crystalline silicon and germanium substrates enabled by low-temperature epitaxial growth of silicon

2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference ◽

10.1109/pvsc.2012.6317898 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bahman Hekmatshoar ◽

Davood Shahrjerdi ◽

Stephen W. Bedell ◽

Devendra K. Sadana

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Epitaxial Growth ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽

Silicon And Germanium ◽

Germanium Substrates

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CO2 hydrogenation into CH4 over Ni–Fe catalysts

Functional Materials Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793604718500571 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (03) ◽

pp. 1850057 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Reza Meshkini Far ◽

Olena V. Ischenko ◽

Alla G. Dyachenko ◽

Oleksandr Bieda ◽

Snezhana V. Gaidai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Co2 Hydrogenation ◽

Hydrogenation Catalysts ◽

Fe Catalysts ◽

First Time ◽

Supported Ni ◽

Hydrogenation Of Co

Here, we report, for the first time, on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methane at atmospheric pressure. For the preparation of hydrogenation catalysts based on Ni and Fe metals, a convenient method is developed. According to this method, low-temperature reduction of the co-precipitated Ni and Fe oxides with hydrogen gives the effective and selective bimetallic Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text], Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] and Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] catalysts. At the temperature range of 300–400[Formula: see text]C, they exhibit a high efficiency of CH4 production with respect to monometallic Ni and Fe catalysts. The results imply a synergistic effect between Ni and Fe which caused the superior activity of the Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] catalyst conversing [Formula: see text]% of CO2 into CH4 at 350[Formula: see text]C. To adapt the Ni–Fe catalysts in the industry, the effect of two different carriers on the efficiency of the alumina-supported Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] catalyst was investigated. It is found that the Ni[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-Al2O3 catalyst effectively conversed CO2 giving 100% methane yield already at 275[Formula: see text]C.

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