Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

SummaryOccipital neuralgia is a type of chronic headache disorder in the dermatomes of the greater or lesser occipital nerve. (7) We describe here a rare case of occipital neuralgia caused by an intramuscular lipoma. A 45 year-old man presented with troublesome pain in the occipital area with 3 x 2 cm palpable mass in the right occipital region. Patient was treated by a neurologist. The X ray for cervical vertebrae and computed tomography was performed.Computed tomography revealed a mass reminding intramuscular lipoma. Surgical management was indicated. During the operation stretching of the lesser occipital nerve was detected. After resection of lipoma on postoperative follow – up, the patient reported that the pain had resolved. During the histopathological examination, lipoma was confirmed.

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Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the raptorial pedipalps of Giant Whip Spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi)

Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1111/jzo.12726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 310 (1) ◽

pp. 45-54

Author(s):

C.J. McLean ◽

R.J. Garwood ◽

C.A. Brassey

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Size And Shape

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Bone Mineral Density of Cervical Spine Vertebrae Using Quantitative Computed Tomography

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2004-59726 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Narayan Yoganandan ◽

Frank A. Pintar ◽

Recai Aktay ◽

Glenn Paskoff ◽

Barry S. Shender

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Cervical Spine ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Computed Tomography Scanning ◽

And Gender

While numerous studies exist quantifying the bone mineral content of the human lumber vertebrae, such information is not available for the cervical spine. This study determined the bone mineral densities of cervical vertebrae. Adult healthy human volunteers, ages ranging from 18 to 40 years, underwent quantitative computed tomography scanning of the neck. BMD data were divided according to subject weight (above and below 50th percentile, termed low and heavy mass) and gender. Low-mass subjects did not consistently have higher bone mineral density at all levels of the cervical column. Bone mineral were higher (259 ± 6 mg/cc) for females than males (247 ± 8 mg/cc); for the entire ensemble the mean density was 253 ± 9 mg/cc. Altered strength of cervical vertebrae coupled with the increased mobility of the disc at the inferior levels of the neck may explain regional biomechanical differences and subsequent physiologic effects secondary to aging. This study quantifies BMD of the human neck vertebrae and offers explanations to the biomechanical behaviors of the human cervical spine.

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Letting the ‘cat’ out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.171914 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 171914 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Axel H. Newton ◽

Frantisek Spoutil ◽

Jan Prochazka ◽

Jay R. Black ◽

Kathryn Medlock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Appendicular Skeleton ◽

Developmental Morphology ◽

Future Studies ◽

X Ray ◽

Digital Resource ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Australian Marsupial ◽

Age Estimates

The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine ( Thylacinus cynocephalus ) was an iconic Australian marsupial predator that was hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. Despite sharing striking similarities with canids, they failed to evolve many of the specialized anatomical features that characterize carnivorous placental mammals. These evolutionary limitations are thought to arise from functional constraints associated with the marsupial mode of reproduction, in which otherwise highly altricial young use their well-developed forelimbs to climb to the pouch and mouth to suckle. Here we present the first three-dimensional digital developmental series of the thylacine throughout its pouch life using X-ray computed tomography on all known ethanol-preserved specimens. Based on detailed skeletal measurements, we refine the species growth curve to improve age estimates for the individuals. Comparison of allometric growth trends in the appendicular skeleton (fore- and hindlimbs) with that of other placental and marsupial mammals revealed that despite their unique adult morphologies, thylacines retained a generalized early marsupial ontogeny. Our approach also revealed mislabelled specimens that possessed large epipubic bones (vestigial in thylacine) and differing vertebral numbers. All of our generated CT models are publicly available, preserving their developmental morphology and providing a novel digital resource for future studies of this unique marsupial.

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Evaluation of foramen magnum sexual dimorphism in a modern documented German population using post-mortem computed tomography

Forensic Imaging ◽

10.1016/j.fri.2020.200352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 200352

Author(s):

S. Bolz ◽

R. Gapert ◽

S. Hartwig ◽

M. Tsokos ◽

L. Oesterhelweg

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Foramen Magnum ◽

German Population ◽

Post Mortem

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A new fossil Eurypinae genus and sexual dimorphism in the representatives of Omineus (Coleoptera: Mycteridae) from Tertiary amber of Europe

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4820 (3) ◽

pp. 551-562

Author(s):

VITALII IGOREVICH ALEKSEEV ◽

ANDRIS BUKEJS ◽

DARREN ANDREW POLLOCK

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Baltic Amber ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Fossil Species ◽

X Ray ◽

Secondary Sexual Characters ◽

Kaliningrad Region ◽

First Time ◽

Secondary Sexual

Europoeurypus inglaeso gen. et sp. nov. is described from Eocene Baltic amber found on the Sambian Peninsula, Kaliningrad Region, Russia. Four additional specimens of mycterid beetles from collections of Baltic amber are reported. The secondary sexual characters and sexual dimorphism in the Eocene representatives of the genus Omineus Lewis, 1895 are documented for the first time and examined using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). The studied Omineus male specimens were attributed to the fossil species Omineus febribilis Alekseev, Pollock & Bukejs, 2019. A key to fossil species of Eurypinae from Eocene ambers is provided and several aspects of the biogeography of the subfamily Eurypinae are discussed.

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