scholarly journals Recent decreases in domestic energy consumption in the United Kingdom attributed to human influence on the climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Christidis ◽  
Mark McCarthy ◽  
Peter A. Stott
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Domestic Energy

Energy Usage and Environmental Pollution in the United Kingdom: Which Sector Dominates?

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Darkwa ◽  
P W O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
To Come

The trends of energy consumption and the sources of the associated emissions over the past two decades in the United Kingdom have been analysed. There are indications that the levels of emission of CO 2, NOx, CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and black smoke are rising steadily as a result of energy consumption. The road transport sector emerges as the current overall major contributor of these pollutants and the likely candidate to remain as the fastest growing energy consumer and polluter for some years to come. With the current rate of increase in the number of motor cars, that is 3.9 per cent per annum, and the likely environmental consequences, immediate technological solutions to reduce transport pollution are strongly recommended.

Environmental Pollution, Income Inequality, and Household Energy Consumption: Evidence from the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This study explored the impact of income inequality, household energy consumption, government expenditure, and investment on carbon dioxide emissions at the household level over the period 1970–2015 in the United Kingdom. The study applied Clemente–Montanes–Reyes unit root test to identify structural break in the time series. Further, the cointegrating relationship of the time series observations was explored by applying the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) (linear) bounds test approach along with the nonlinear ARDL for making fruitful comparisons in the long-run relationship among the variables. The paper used Bayer–Hanck combined cointegration method for robustness test in the cointegrating methods. In addition, the causality analysis was explored using the Toda–Yamato (1995) method of Granger causality. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables.The estimated NARDL results show that in the long run the negative asymmetric impact of the income inequality is stronger than the positive impact. The paper concludes that there is an urgent need to reduce income inequality in the United Kingdom to improve equitable consumption of energy at the household level. Last the causality test shows that there exists unidirectional causality from inequality transmission to carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Different Ways of Framing Event Attribution Questions: The Example of Warm and Wet Winters in the United Kingdom Similar to 2015/16

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 4827-4845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Christidis ◽  
Andrew Ciavarella ◽  
Peter A. Stott
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Event Attribution ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Reference Event ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Attribution analyses of extreme events estimate changes in the likelihood of their occurrence due to human climatic influences by comparing simulations with and without anthropogenic forcings. Classes of events are commonly considered that only share one or more key characteristics with the observed event. Here we test the sensitivity of attribution assessments to such event definition differences, using the warm and wet winter of 2015/16 in the United Kingdom as a case study. A large number of simulations from coupled models and an atmospheric model are employed. In the most basic case, warm and wet events are defined relative to climatological temperature and rainfall thresholds. Several other classes of events are investigated that, in addition to threshold exceedance, also account for the effect of observed sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, the circulation flow, or modes of variability present during the reference event. Human influence is estimated to increase the likelihood of warm winters in the United Kingdom by a factor of 3 or more for events occurring under any atmospheric and oceanic conditions, but also for events with a similar circulation or oceanic state to 2015/16. The likelihood of wet winters is found to increase by at least a factor of 1.5 in the general case, but results from the atmospheric model, conditioned on observed SST anomalies, are more uncertain, indicating that decreases in the likelihood are also possible. The robustness of attribution assessments based on atmospheric models is highly dependent on the representation of SSTs without the effect of human influence.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC): Empirical relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from 3 developed countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Beşe ◽  
Salih Kalayci
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test

In this study, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is examined for 3 developed countries, which are Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Spain, for the period between 1960 and 2014. The EKC hypothesis is examined under 2 nexuses which are GDP, CO2 and energy consumption, and GDP, CO2, energy consumption and the square of GDP. Causal and long-term relationships between GDP, CO2, and energy consumption are examined for these 3 developed countries using the ARDL bounds test, the Toda and Yamamoto Granger non-causality test, the VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test, and the Johansen cointegration test. Long-term relationships between GDP, CO2, energy consumption, and the square of GDP are examined by the Johansen cointegration test. The EKC hypothesis is not confirmed for Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Spain, and the neutrality hypothesis is confirmed for these 3 developed countries. Unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to CO2 is found for Denmark, and unidirectional causality running from CO2 to energy consumption is found for the United Kingdom.

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