scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC): Empirical relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from 3 developed countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Beşe ◽  
Salih Kalayci
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test

In this study, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is examined for 3 developed countries, which are Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Spain, for the period between 1960 and 2014. The EKC hypothesis is examined under 2 nexuses which are GDP, CO2 and energy consumption, and GDP, CO2, energy consumption and the square of GDP. Causal and long-term relationships between GDP, CO2, and energy consumption are examined for these 3 developed countries using the ARDL bounds test, the Toda and Yamamoto Granger non-causality test, the VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test, and the Johansen cointegration test. Long-term relationships between GDP, CO2, energy consumption, and the square of GDP are examined by the Johansen cointegration test. The EKC hypothesis is not confirmed for Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Spain, and the neutrality hypothesis is confirmed for these 3 developed countries. Unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to CO2 is found for Denmark, and unidirectional causality running from CO2 to energy consumption is found for the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Turkey: The Role of Clean Energy Consumption and Ecological Footprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yurtkuran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between income, clean energy consumption, exports, imports, urbanization and ecological footprint for Turkey from 1973 to 2015 using the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The long-term coefficients derived from the ARDL approach demonstrate that import increase the ecological footprint, whereas urbanization and clean energy consumption do not have an impact on environmental pollution in the long-term. In addition, the 2001 dummy variable is negative and statistically significant. The crisis in 2001 slowed down the economic growth rate. This situation also caused reduction of environmental pollution. Moreover, the long run estimates indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in Turkey. However, the turning point of per capita income was calculated as $16,045 that outside of the analyzed period. As economic activities increase, human pressure on nature continues to increase. Consequently, the only factor that reduces the ecological footprint has been determined as exports. In contrast, economic growth and clean energy consumption cannot be used as a tool to reduce the ecological footprint. Turkey needs a higher level of per capita income than the threshold level to improve environmental quality.

scholarly journals Investigating the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for the Asia-Pacific Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaka Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Developed Countries

As mitigating the effects of energy consumption on the environment is a crucial issue for the Asia-Pacific region, this study investigates the energy-environmental Kuznets curve (EEKC) hypothesis among the 19 Asia-Pacific countries. The study also tests the EEKC hypothesis for the low-, middle-, and high-income groups of the region. The panel regression and cointegration models are used for this purpose. Our test results of both models suggest that the EEKC hypothesis holds for the whole Asia-Pacific region. However, the test performed on the three different income groups revealed that the hypothesis only holds for the high-income group. The hypothesis was not apparent for the low- and middle-income groups. This indicates that the transition in the energy consumption along the EEKC is only occurring in the developed countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the developed countries need to support the developing countries to achieve economic growth along the EEKC.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Tourism-Induced Environmental Kuznets Curve (T-EKC) Hypothesis: Evidence from G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Ișik ◽  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Uğur Korkut Pata ◽  
Serdar Ongan ◽  
Magdalena Radulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
The Uk

This paper analyzes the legitimacy of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for a group of seven (G7) countries over the period 1995–2015. In addition to testing the EKC speculation, the authors also would like to understand the ways in which increases in renewable energy consumption and the international tourism receipt affect the CO2 emissions in G7 countries, because the energy and tourism sectors may have considerable direct impacts on CO2 emissions. In this investigation, a panel bootstrap cointegration test and an augmented mean group (AMG) estimator were applied. The empirical findings indicate that the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis is valid only for France. Additionally, it was detected that a rise in renewable energy consumption has a negative (reduction) impact on CO2 emissions in France, Italy, the UK, and the US. However, an increase in the receipt of international touristm has a positive (additional) impact on Italy’s CO2 emissions. Hence, this country’s decision-makers should re-review their tourism policy to adopt a renewable-inclusive one for sustainable tourism and the environment.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis on CO2 Emissions: Evidence for China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Jihuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect

China is the largest CO2 emitter in the world, and it shared 28% of the global CO2 emissions in 2017. According to the Paris Agreement, it is estimated that China’s CO2 emissions will reach its peak by 2030. However, whether or not the CO2 emissions in China will rise again from its peak is still unknown. If the emission level continues to increase, the Chinese policymakers might have to introduce a severe CO2 reduction policy. The aim of this paper is to conduct an empirical analysis on the long-standing relationship between CO2 emissions and income while controlling energy consumption, trade openness, and urbanization. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and the bounds test were adopted in evaluating the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The quantile regression was also used as an inference approach. The study reveals two major findings: first, instead of the conventional U-shaped EKC hypothesis, there is the N-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the long run. Second, a positive effect of energy consumption and a negative effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions, in the long run, are also estimated. Quantitatively, if energy consumption rises by 1%, then CO2 emissions will increase by 0.9% in the long run. Therefore, the findings suggest that a breakthrough, in terms of policymaking and energy innovation under China’s specific socioeconomic and political circumstances, are required for future decades.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Impact of Energy, Export Variety, and FDI on Environmental Degradation in the Context of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case Study of India

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijjani Adamu ◽  
Ihtisham Haq ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Export Variety ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The economic size of the Indian economy and its status as one of the major global emitters of carbon emissions makes the country a good place to study the determinants of environmental degradation in India. The study aims at analyzing the impact of energy, export variety, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation in India in the context of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The long run relationship was found between variables of the study through a cointegration test, whereas long run estimates were obtained through cointegration and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). Results of the study reveal that energy consumption, export variety, FDI, and income positively contributed to environmental degradation in India. Results also unveil that the EKC hypothesis does not exist in India. Causality analyses document unidirectional causality from income and FDI to environmental degradation, and bidirectional causality was witnessed between energy consumption and environmental degradation and between export variety and environmental degradation in the long run. The long run and the short run causality highlight that India has to forego the short run economic growth in order to improve its environmental quality and reduce global carbon emissions; however, it will not affect its long term economic development process.

scholarly journals Poverty, income inequality, and energy consumption based on EKC hypothesis: Evidence from developed and developing countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ekrem Akbas ◽  
Fuat Lebe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, income inequality, and poverty within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in 14 developed and ten developing countries over the period 2000–2018. We employed the Fourier unit root test and Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) estimator to analyze the relationship between these variables. The results show that in developing countries, income inequality, poverty, and energy consumption positively affect CO2 emission. In contrast, in developed countries, there is no significant relationship between these variables. Moreover, we found out that the EKC hypothesis, which suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and CO2 emissions, is valid in developed countries and invalid in developing countries. We determined that the turning points obtained from regression analysis are outside of the sample period in five developing countries (Argentina, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Panama, and Uruguay). These results show that income inequality and poverty can indirectly affect environmental quality by energy consumption in developing countries.

scholarly journals Low-carbon Innovation, Economic Growth and CO2 Emission: Evidence from a Dynamic Spatial Panel Approach in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caijiang Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhangwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model

Abstract Low-carbon technology innovation plays an essential role in carbon emission reduction worldwide. This study investigates how low-carbon innovation affects carbon emissions by the Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model based on the panel data of 30 Chinses provinces from 2007 to 2017. The empirical results show that: Firstly, low-carbon innovation decreases carbon emissions from local and neighbor, the decreasing effects are significant mainly in the short term. Secondly, the results of the heterogeneity test indicate that the weakening effect of low-carbon innovation in central regions is consistent with the national results. The weakening effects are shown in long-term indirect and short-term direct in eastern regions. Thirdly, there is an inverted-U curve between economic development and carbon emissions, confirming the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. However, the inflection point is insurmountable under the current level of technology in China. Finally, The results also show the “Pollution Paradise” effect.

scholarly journals Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente ◽  
Nuno Carlos Leitão ◽  
Festus Victor Bekun
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

The present study is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) that address pertinent global issues. This study focuses on the need for access to clean and affordable energy consumption, responsible energy consumption, sustainable economic growth, and climate change mitigation. To this end, this paper evaluates the relevance of the renewable energy sector on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain for the period 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, we adopt the use of panel data over the highlighted countries. In the first step, we apply the unit root test recommended by Levin, Lin, and Chu in conjunction with ADF-Fisher, and Phillips-Perron for robustness and consistency. We found that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The generalized least squares (GLS), the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), ordinary least squares robust (OLS), and panel quantile regression are considered in this research. The econometric results validate the assumption of the environmental Kuznets curve, i.e., and there is a positive correlation between income per capita and a negative effect of squared income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, we observe that renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. Finally, we also find a direct connection between the urban population and the environmental degradation in the examined blocs. These results show that in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain, more is required to achieve environmental sustainability in the respective countries growth trajectory. Further policy prescriptions are appended in the concluding section of this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document