The urinary excretion of calcium and inorganic phosphate in 344 patients with calcium stone of renal origin

SUMMARY A benzoic acid adsorption method for the extraction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from 48 hr samples of human urine has been devised. Evidence for the hormonal nature of the extracts is given and recovery experiments with the benzoic acid method are reported. Biological testing was based on the renal action of PTH (i.e. increase in urinary inorganic phosphate). Human urinary extracts were assayed against 'Parathormone' by means of a urinary phosphate assay in mice [Davies, Gordon & Mussett, 1955]. The activity of the benzoic acid extracts in liberating calcium from bone was not tested, since it was expected that the amount present in normal 48 hr samples of human urine would be too small to be detected by existing assays for the calcium-mobilizing effect of PTH. The urinary excretion of PTH was compared in a small series of normal and pathological cases. Assuming 'Parathormone' to contain 100 'phosphate units' (P.u.) per ml., mean values for human urinary excretion of PTH as P.u./24 hr, were: Normal (5 subjects): 60·4 (range 47–72). Confirmed hyperparathyroidism, with concurrent uraemia (4 subjects): 121·2 (range 103–146). Hypoparathyroidism (4 subjects): amount too small to be assayed (assay insensitive to 24 hr urine extracts containing <30 P.u.).

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The Effect of Cellulose Phosphate on Intestinal Absorption and Urinary Excretion of Calcium: Some Experience in its use in the Treatment of Calcium Stone Formation

British Journal of Urology ◽

10.1111/j.1464-410x.1974.tb10176.x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 385-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

N. J. BLACKLOCK ◽

M. A. MACLEOD

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Intestinal Absorption ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Calcium Stone ◽

Cellulose Phosphate

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TIME COURSE OF URINARY EXCRETION OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE BY RATS AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY AND AFTER INJECTION OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT1

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo-66-4-610 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 610-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

ERNST H. BEUTNER ◽

PAUL L. MUNSON

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

Time Course

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The Relation between the Urinary Excretion of Inorganic Phosphate and Sodium

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0410249 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Fulop ◽

P. Brazeau

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Sodium Excretion ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Tubular Reabsorption ◽

Back Pressure

1. The relation between the urinary excretion of inorganic phosphate and sodium was studied in anaesthetized dogs subjected to acute unilateral increases of ureteral back-pressure while receiving infusions of iso-osmotic sodium chloride. Under these circumstances modest increases of ureteral back-pressure, +14 to +23 cmH2O, were associated with relatively small changes of glomerular filtration rate from control values (−12.7 to +8.2%). 2. Increased ureteral back-pressure caused closely proportionate decreases of urinary phosphate and sodium excretion regardless of whether glomerular filtration rate increased, decreased or remained unchanged. When glomerular filtration rate increased or remained stable, the decreases of phosphate and sodium excretion were attributable to closely proportionate increases of tubular reabsorption of sodium and of phosphate. The increased tubular reabsorption of phosphate may be causally related to the increased tubular reabsorption of sodium.

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The Influence of Glucose and Crude Fibre (Wheat Bran) on the Rate of Intestinal 47Ca Absorption The Influence of Glucose and Wheat Bran on Calcium Absorption

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-65-143 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 143-146

Author(s):

M. A. Macleod ◽

N. J. Blacklock

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Calcium Absorption ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Calcium Balance ◽

Theoretical Possibility ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Calcium Stone ◽

Negative Calcium Balance ◽

Stone Formers

AbstractWith evidence of induction of increased urinary excretion of calcium by the ingestion of glucose and sucrose there is the theoretical possibility in these circumstances of at least a transient negative calcium balance. In this study the ingestion of glucose or glucose equivalent was found to stimulate 47Ca absorption from the intestine both in normal subjects and in idiopathic calcium stone formers. This induced increase in the rate of 47Ca absorption by glucose can be negated by the addition of crude fibre in the form of wheat bran.

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Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-64903/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiqing Zhang ◽

Sanjay Kumar ◽

Muthuvel Jayachandran ◽

Stanley Wang ◽

Elena M. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽

Calcium Stone ◽

Phosphorus Excretion ◽

Stone Formers ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Backgrounds: Previous studies have demonstrated that excretion of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different nephron segments differs between kidney stone formers and non-stone formers (NSFs), and could reflect pathogenic mechanisms of urinary stone disease. In this study we quantified selected populations of specific urinary EVs carrying protein markers of immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology in calcium stone formers (CSFs) compared to non-stone formers (NSFs). Methods Incident CSFs (n = 24) and age- and sex- matched NSFs (n = 21) were studied. Clinical data were abstracted and biobanked cell-free urine samples were used to quantify specific urinary EV populations. EVs carrying proteins related to renal calcium/phosphorus physiology (phosphorus transporters (PiT1 and PiT2), Klotho, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)); markers associated with EV generation (anoctamin-4 (ANO4) and Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1)), and markers shed from activated immune cells were quantified by standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. Results The urine pH of CSFs was lower than NSFs (P < 0.05), whereas urine excretion of calcium, phosphorus, and calcium oxalate and uric acid supersaturation (SS) were significantly higher in CSFs compared to NSFs (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of EVs with markers of total leukocytes (CD45), neutrophils (CD15), macrophages (CD68), Klotho, FGF23, PiT1, PiT2, and ANO4 were each markedly lower in CSFs than NSFs (P < 0.05) whereas excretion of those with markers of monocytes (CD14), T-Lymphocytes (CD3), B-Lymphocytes (CD19), plasma cells (CD138 plus CD319 positive ) were not different between the groups. Urinary excretion of EVs expressing PiT1 and PiT2 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with urinary phosphorus excretion whereas excretion of EVs expressing FGF23 correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with both urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. Conclusions Urinary excretion of EVs derived from specific types of activated immune cells and EVs with proteins related to calcium/phosphorus regulation were different between CSFs and NSFs. Thus, further validation of these and other populations of urinary EVs could identify biomarkers that elucidate novel pathogenic mechanisms of calcium stone formation in specific subsets of patients.

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The relation between the phosphate in blood and urine

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1924.0006 ◽

1924 ◽

Vol 95 (671) ◽

pp. 558-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

Inorganic Salt ◽

Human Kidney ◽

Detectable Change

No experiments appear to have been made on the changes which occur in the blood of man after the ingestion of phosphate. In experiments on the dog, Denis (1) has shown that after administration of phosphate amounting to 260 mgms. P/kilo weight, there is no detectable change in the phosphate of the blood, although, the increased excretion of phosphorus in the urine indicates that much of the salt has been absorbed. This was attributed to rapid excretion by the kidney. Very little is known of the excretion of phosphorus by the human kidney. The relation between the concentration in the blood and the urinary excretion when associated with either an acidosis or an alkalosis is described by Haldane, Wigglesworth and Woodrow (16). The present investigation was carried out mainly to determine the response of the kidney to a simple increase in the concentration of phosphate in the blood uncomplicated by reaction changes. We have further investigated the question of the distribution of inorganic phosphate between the plasma and the corpuscles of the blood; under normal conditions and also after phosphate ingestion. Some experiments have also been made to determine whether it is possible to increase the normal organic store of phosphorus in the blood by administration of the inorganic salt.

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