Femur morphology in healthy infants and young children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Bertocci ◽  
Nathan P. Brown ◽  
Angela Thompson ◽  
Karen Bertocci ◽  
Natalie L. Adolphi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants and young children in Sacramento, California

2010 ◽  
Vol 169 (11) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Liang ◽  
Caroline Chantry ◽  
Dennis M. Styne ◽  
Charles B. Stephensen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Infants And Young Children

scholarly journals Distribution of Refractive Errors among Healthy Infants and Young Children between the Age of 6 to 36 Months in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia—A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4730
Author(s):  
Arifah Nur Yahya ◽  
Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur ◽  
Saadah Mohamed Akhir
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
The Right ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Uncorrected refractive error, especially myopia, in young children can cause permanent visual impairment in later life. However, data on the normative development of refractive error in this age group is limited, especially in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of refractive error in a sample of infants and young children between the ages of 6 to 36 months in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Cycloplegic retinoscopy was conducted on both eyes of 151 children of mean age 18.09 ± 7.95 months. Mean spherical equivalent refractive error for the right and left eyes was +0.85 ± 0.97D and +0.86 ± 0.98D, respectively. The highest prevalence of refractive error was astigmatism (26%), followed by hyperopia (12.7%), myopia (1.3%) and anisometropia (0.7%). There was a reduction of hyperopic refractive error with increasing age. Myopia was seen to emerge at age 24 months. In conclusion, the prevalence of astigmatism and hyperopia in infants and young children was high, but that of myopia and anisometropia was low. There was a significant reduction in hyperopic refractive error towards emmetropia with increasing age. It is recommended that vision screening be conducted early to correct significant refractive error that may cause disruption to clear vision.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Impact of Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Otherwise Healthy Infants and Young Children < 5 Years Old

1997 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Reed ◽  
Paula H. Jewett ◽  
Juliette Thompson ◽  
Sharon Tollefson ◽  
Peter F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Calf Blood Pressure: Clinical Implications and Correlations With Arm Blood Pressure in Infants and Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Michael S. Crapanzano ◽  
William B. Strong ◽  
Ingrid R. Newman ◽  
R. Lester Hixon ◽  
Devarra Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Objective. Indirect measurement of lower extremity blood pressure is often used in the clinical setting, although normative data after the newborn period are not readily available. Methods. Indirect blood pressure (BP) measurement was obtained in the right arms and right calves of 148 healthy infants and young children 2 weeks to 3 years of age. All measurements were made using an oscillometric device. The infants and children were quiet or asleep and in the supine position. A BP cuff of proper size was chosen. Three measurements were made in both extremities; the average of the second and third measurements was used for all analyses. Results. Age correlated better with calf systolic blood pressure (SBPc) than with arm SBP (SBPa) (r = .52 vs .17). Calf diastolic blood pressure (DBPc) and calf mean blood pressure (MBPc) correlated moderately poorly with age (r = .37 and .39, respectively). There was no order effect. SBPc correlated best with height (r .53), then age (r = .52), and, finally, weight (r = .51). The correlation between BPc and BPa was moderately low. The correlation of SBPc with SBPa was r = .46; that of DBPc with DBPa was r = .37; and that of MBPc with MBPa was r = .41. From birth to 6 months, SBPc was slightly lower than SBPa (1 to 3 mm Hg). SBPc increased linearly relative to SBPa and began to exceed SBPa at 6 months of age. The pattern of DBP and MBP was similar. Wide variability of blood pressure parameters was noted between the infants and children at all ages. Conclusions. Reference data are presented for BPc and the difference between BPc and BPa in healthy infants and children from 2 weeks to 3 years of age. BPc is not equivalent to BPa and should not be arbitrarily substituted. Because of the wide variability among healthy infants and children, SBPc measurements should be interpreted with caution when evaluating for coarctation of the aorta.

Candida species as commensal gut colonizers: A study of 133 longitudinally followed Swedish infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Kondori ◽  
Forough Nowrouzian ◽  
Marjan Ajdari ◽  
Bill Hesselmar ◽  
Robert Saalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract The gut microbiota harbor a wide range of bacterial species, but also yeasts may be part of this ecosystem. Infants who are being treated in intensive care units are often colonized by Candida species. However, little is known regarding commensal yeast colonization of healthy infants and young children. Here the acquisition of yeast species was studied in a birth-cohort including 133 healthy Swedish infants. A rectal swab sample was obtained on day 3 of life, and fresh fecal samples were obtained at regular intervals up to 3 years of age; the samples were cultured quantitatively for yeasts. Colonization with yeasts increased rapidly in the first months of life, with 73/133 infants (55%) colonized at 6 months of age. The yeast numbers in positive samples decreased from an average of 105 cfu/g in infants aged 0–2 months to 103.5 cfu/g at 3 years of age. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species and reached higher population counts than the other species in culture-positive infants. The yeast colonization rate did not differ between infants who were delivered vaginally and those birthed via Caesarean section, whereas breastfed infants showed a lower colonization rate (p &lt; 0.05 for 1 year of age compared to the other infants). The results demonstrate that yeasts, particularly C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (sensu lato), are common commensals in the gut microbiota of healthy infants and young children.

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