Simulation and design of distillation units for treatment of sulfite pulping condensates to recover methanol and furfural: Part I: Incorporation with an evaporation unit and use of secondary steam

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zacchi ◽  
G. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Steam ◽  
Evaporation Unit

Passive evaporation of source-separated urine from dry toilets: prototype design and field testing using municipal water

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Bethune ◽  
Angus Chu ◽  
M. Cathryn Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Evaporation Surface ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Prototype Design ◽  
Evaporation Unit

A prototype urine evaporation unit (UEU) that removes water from human urine produced from a urine-diverting dry toilet using passive solar evaporation was designed and field-tested at a meteorological station. Municipal water was evaporated on vertically stacked plastic cafeteria-style trays that create a large evaporation surface with a small land-area footprint. The trays were located inside a Plexiglas® enclosure exposed to UV light while passively heating the UEU like a solar oven. A metal black chimney also heated up in the sun, causing air to enter the UEU at the front of the UEU through a louvered vent, flow across each tray, and then exit at the back up through the chimney. The UEU was field-tested in a semi-arid temperate climate (Calgary, Canada) from 22 August to 5 November 2013. The average UEU evaporation rate was 3.2 L/day (0.66 mm), varying from 0.4 L/day (0.08 mm/day) on a cloudy day to 8.8 L/day (1.82 mm) on a sunny day. A multiple-regression analysis indicates that 63% of the UEU evaporation rate can be explained by changes in air temperature, wind speed and incoming solar radiation, thus allowing for predictions of the UEU's relative evaporation potential in other climates.

Industrial vacuum-evaporation unit for concentrating magnesium chloride solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kartovskii ◽  
V. B. Chernozubov ◽  
K. V. Glushko ◽  
V. A. Chemezov ◽  
D. S. Tretyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Magnesium Chloride Solution ◽  
Evaporation Unit

Assessment of RELAP/SCDAPSIM for Turbine Trip Transient in NuScale-SMR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skolik ◽  
Anuj Trivedi ◽  
Marina Perez-Ferragut ◽  
Chris Allison
Keyword(s):  
Natural Circulation ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Pressurized Water Reactor ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Secondary Steam

The NuScale Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is an integrated Pressurized Water Reactor (iPWR) with the coolant flow based on the natural circulation. The reactor core consists of 37 fuel assemblies similar to those used in typical PWRs, but only half of their length to generate 160MW thermal power (50 MWe). Current study involves the development of a NuScale-SMR model based on its Design Certification Application (DCA) data (from NRC) using RELAP/SCDAPSIM. The turbine trip transient (TTT) was simulated and analysed. The objective was to assess this version of the code for natural circulation system modeling capabilities and also to verify the input model against the publicly available TTT results obtained using NRELAP5. This successful benchmark confirms the reliability of the thermal hydraulic model and allows authors to use it for further safety and severe accident analyses. The reactor core channels, pressurizer, riser and downcomer pipes as well as the secondary steam generator tubes and the containment were modeled with RELAP5 components. SCDAP core and control components were used for the fuel elements in the core. The final input deck achieved the steady state with the operating conditions comparable to those reported in the DCA. RELAP/SCDAPSIM predictions are found to be satisfactory and comparable to the reference study. It confirms the code code capabilities for natural circulation system transients.

The Ce36LH evaporation unit

Vacuum ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 477-484
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Unit

Electrical Properties of Nanocrystalline Tungsten Trioxide

1999 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hoel ◽  
L.B. Kish ◽  
R. Vajtai ◽  
G.A. Niklasson ◽  
C.G. Granqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Capacitance Effects ◽  
Evaporation Unit

ABSTRACTTungsten oxide is a material of significant interest for applications in several areas. It can, for example, be used as the electrochromic film in smart windows. Tungsten trioxide nanoparticles were produced using an advanced gas evaporation unit in which the tungsten was oxidized in low pressure ambient air. The tungsten trioxide particles were formed via vapor condensation and were deposited by gas deposition technique to avoid coagulation effects. The average size of the primary particles was around 5 nm, depending on the heating power and the pressure. The particles exhibited a body centred cubic structure. The impedance spectrum of particle deposits showed resonance and negative capacitance effects. The correlation between fabrication conditions, structure and impedance spectrum is discussed.

Simulation of Hydrogen Production From Biomass Pyrolysis Gas by Secondary Steam Reforming

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leteng Lin ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Xiaolu Yi ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Secondary Steam ◽  
Water Gas

Hydrogen is currently being widely regarded as a futural energy carrier to reduce carbon emissions and other NOx and SOx pollutants. Many researchers have proved that hydrogen can be efficiently used in solid oxide fuel cells -gas turbine system (SOFC-GT) and molten carbonate fuel cells-gas turbine system (MCFC-GT). Hydrogen production from biomass resources offers the advantage of providing a renewable energy carrier for extensive reduction of the CO2 emission. A secondary steam reforming process which consists of steam reforming of methane and water gas shift was proposed to further convert CH4, CO and other hydrocarbons in biomass pyrolysis gas for promoting hydrogen yield. According to respective reaction mechanism, simulating calculations were carried out in two reforming processes separately. With the favor of PRO/II, the effects of reaction temperature and steam to carbon ratio on hydrogen yield were discussed in details in the steam reforming of methane. A reasonable calculation method was established for simulating the water gas shift process in which the effects of temperature and steam to CO ratio was investigated. The simulation made good results in optimizing reaction conditions for two reformers and predicting the volume rate of all gas components. It is proved by simulation that hydrogen-rich gas with >68 mol% H2 could be produced, and the hydrogen yield could reach 48.18 mol H2/(Kg Biomass) and 45.85 mol/(Kg Biomass) respectively when using corn straw and rice husk as feedstock. The experiment data from a related reference was adopted to prove the reasonability of the simulation results which could show the feasibility of secondary steam reforming process, as well as provide good references for practical process operation.

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