Measuring Cognitive Judgement Bias in Rats Using the Ambiguous-Cue Interpretation Test

2017 ◽  
pp. 9.57.1-9.57.22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Papciak ◽  
Rafal Rygula
Keyword(s):  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Ambiguous Cue

scholarly journals Temperament, Plasticity, and Emotions in Defensive Behaviour of Paca (Mammalia, Hystricognatha)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Selene S. C. Nogueira ◽  
Sérgio L. G. Nogueira-Filho ◽  
José M. B. Duarte ◽  
Michael Mendl
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Temperament Dimension ◽  
Ambiguous Cue

Within a species, some individuals are better able to cope with threatening environments than others. Paca (Cuniculus paca) appear resilient to over-hunting by humans, which may be related to the behavioural plasticity shown by this species. To investigate this, we submitted captive pacas to temperament tests designed to assess individual responses to short challenges and judgement bias tests (JBT) to evaluate individuals’ affective states. Results indicated across-time and context stability in closely correlated “agitated”, “fearful” and “tense” responses; this temperament dimension was labelled “restless”. Individual “restless” scores predicted responses to novelty, although not to simulated chasing and capture by humans in a separate modified defence test battery (MDTB). Restless animals were more likely to show a greater proportion of positive responses to an ambiguous cue during JBT after the MDTB. Plasticity in defensive behaviour was inferred from changes in behavioural responses and apparently rapid adaptation to challenge in the different phases of the MDTB. The results indicate that both temperament and behavioural plasticity may play a role in influencing paca responses to risky situations. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of understanding the role of individual temperament traits and behavioural plasticity in order to better interpret the animals’ conservation status and vulnerabilities.

The effects of cocaine and mazindol on the cognitive judgement bias of rats in the ambiguous-cue interpretation paradigm

2014 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Rygula ◽  
Ewa Szczech ◽  
Justyna Papciak ◽  
Agnieszka Nikiforuk ◽  
Piotr Popik
Keyword(s):  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Ambiguous Cue

The Effects of Partial Reinforcement on the Ambiguous Cue Effect

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Michalek ◽  
Marco Vasconcelos ◽  
Peter J. Urcuioli
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Ambiguous Cue

scholarly journals Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. C. Adriaense ◽  
V. Šlipogor ◽  
S. Hintze ◽  
L. Marshall ◽  
C. Lamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Positive State

AbstractEmotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator’s behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observer, indicating emotional contagion. All subjects’ emotional states were assessed through behaviour and cognition, the latter by means of a judgement bias test. Behavioural results showed a successful emotion manipulation of demonstrators, with manipulation-congruent expressions (i.e., positive calls in the positive condition, and negative calls and pilo-erect tail in the negative condition). Observers showed no manipulation-congruent expressions, but showed more scratching and arousal after the positive manipulation. Concerning the judgement bias test, we predicted that subjects in a positive state should increase their response to ambiguous cues (i.e., optimism bias), and subjects in a negative state should decrease their response (i.e., pessimism bias). This prediction was not supported as neither demonstrators nor observers showed such bias in either manipulation. Yet, demonstrators showed an increased response to the near-positive cue, and additional analyses showed unexpected responses to the reference cues, as well as a researcher identity effect. We discuss all results combined, including recently raised validation concerns of the judgement bias test, and inherent challenges to empirically studying emotional contagion.

Judgement bias testing in group-housed gestating sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Horback ◽  
T.D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Judgement Bias

scholarly journals Canine Sense and Sensibility: Tipping Points and Response Latency Variability as an Optimism Index in a Canine Judgement Bias Assessment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Starling ◽  
Nicholas Branson ◽  
Denis Cody ◽  
Timothy R. Starling ◽  
Paul D. McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Response Latency ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Latency Variability ◽  
Sense And Sensibility

scholarly journals The use of judgement bias to assess welfare in farm livestock

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Baciadonna ◽  
AG McElligott
Keyword(s):  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Farm Livestock

scholarly journals Dogs are more pessimistic if their owners use two or more aversive training methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Casey ◽  
Maria Naj-Oleari ◽  
Sarah Campbell ◽  
Michael Mendl ◽  
Emily J. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Negative Mood State ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Welfare Implications

AbstractDomestic dogs are trained using a range of different methods, broadly categorised as reward based (positive reinforcement/negative punishment) and aversive based (positive punishment/negative reinforcement). Previous research has suggested associations between use of positive punishment-based techniques and undesired behaviours, but there is little research investigating the relative welfare consequences of these different approaches. This study used a judgement bias task to compare the underlying mood state of dogs whose owners reported using two or more positive punishment/negative reinforcement based techniques, with those trained using only positive reinforcement/negative punishment in a matched pair study design. Dogs were trained to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded locations equidistant from a start box, and mean latencies recorded. Their subsequent latency to intermediate ‘ambiguous’ locations was recorded as an indication of whether these were perceived as likely to contain food or not. Dogs trained using aversive methods were slower to all ambiguous locations. This difference was significant for latency to the middle (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.380, P = 0.017), and near positive (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.447, P = 0.014) locations, suggesting that dogs trained using coercive methods may have a more negative mood state, and hence that there are welfare implications of training dogs using such methods.

scholarly journals Judgement Bias in Miniature Donkeys: Conditioning Factors and Personality Links

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2737
Author(s):  
Maria Pinto ◽  
Francisco Javier Navas González ◽  
Camie Heleski ◽  
Amy McLean
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variability ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Routine Handling ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Expectation-related bias may configure individuals’ perception of their surrounding environment and of the elements present in it. This study aimed to determine the repercussions of environmental (weather elements) or subject-inherent factors (sex, age, or personality features) on judgment bias. A cognitive bias test was performed in eight Miniature jennies and four jacks. Test comprised habituation, training and testing phases during which subjects were trained on how to complete the test and scored based on their latency to approach an ambiguous stimulus. A questionnaire evaluating eleven personality features was parallelly completed by three caretakers, five operators and two care assistants to determine the links between personality features and judgment bias. Adjusted latencies did not significantly differ between sexes (Mann–Whitney test, p > 0.05). Although Miniature donkeys can discriminate positive/negative stimuli, inter-individual variability evidences were found. Such discrimination is evidenced by significant latency differences to approach positive/negative stimuli (33.7 ± 43.1 vs. 145.5 ± 53.1 s) (Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.05). Latencies significantly increased with patience, indicative of an expression of pessimism. Better understanding judgement bias mechanisms and implications may help optimize routine handling practices in the framework of animal welfare.

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