Climate Variability and Urban Agricultural Activities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Two terms that are enjoying increasing overwhelming global literature advocacy and discussion are urban farming and climate change. While there is increasing advocacy towards the relevance of urban agriculture for urban dwellers and how it translates into a mitigation strategy against climate change variability and adaptation to urban poverty, the effect of some urban farming activities and how it serves as a driver to climate change needs to be investigated. In most of the urban periphery where there is availability of a large expanse of land areas, farming activities are usually practised in form of settlement farm, livestock rearing, or plantation agriculture. The study based on quantitative and qualitative data from urban farmers in Ibadan argues that the location of urban farmlands is dependent on climatic factor such as access to land. The study identified that climate variability as reported by the urban farmers has resulted in the increased use of fertilizer for farming by urban farmers, and the main activity that is pro-climate change and variability is bush burning.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN TURKESTAN VILLAGES AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET GOVERNMENT

The article describes the changes that took place in the social structure of the village of Turkestan at the beginning of the establishment of Soviet power, the dominance in agriculture of still individual small peasant farms. Formation of new social strata - collective farms and state farm workers, associated with new economic sectors of the economy - collective farms and state farms. KEY WORDS: village, farmer, farm, livestock, Turkestan, alienation, population, government, industry, poor, middle peasant, rich, religion, apparatus, individual farmer.

Erosion Control Success Stories and Challenges in the Context of Sustainable Landscape Management, Rwanda Experience

The Government of Rwanda sets up a conducive policy environment to invest in several development initiatives. Agriculture sector as the main contributor in the economic development received supports to sustainably manage Rwandan hilly landscape, dominantly ranging from 5 to 55% slope gradient. Intensive erosion control interventions confronted with different approaches have been introduced in the country such as participatory landscape management, (participatory) integrated watershed management and site-located intervention without any specified approach. This chapter intends to describe and evaluate the impacts of these previous approaches used in Rwanda in order to retrieve the success stories and encountered challenges as lessons learnt in the future interventions for optimizing land productivity in a sustainable manner. Participatory landscape approach in Gishwati area was a success story in protecting degraded lands and generating ecosystem benefits. It leads to more sustainable natural resources management from participatory planning up to implementation which addressed the frequent landslides, erosion and flooding while sustainably exploit the land to the profit of local farmers in the livelihoods. About 6,600 ha of lands have been successfully protected with full-packaged bench terraces, rangeland blocks and forest regeneration. This participatory approach also helped to relocate people from high risk zones to other safe places and build capacities of farmers through farm-livestock cooperatives. On the other side, Nyanza and Karongi sites under LWH project also emphasized strong evidences how land husbandry technologies (terraces) efficiently reduced erosion risks and improved farmers’ livelihoods. Lands were made productive with implementation of bench terraces on 3212 and 2673 hectares respectively for the two selected sites. However, challenges were observed from technical and socio-economic contexts which might have caused farmers to abandon or under-exploit the terraced lands. Finally, the chapter suggests to scale up the participatory landscape management approach which supports the involvement of farmers’ communities in the process.

Pelatihan Manajemen Pemeliharaan Ayam Jantan Petelur pada Kelompok Ternak Nawawi Farm Jember

"Nawawi Farm" Breeder Group of Nogosari Village is one of the breeder's groups community in Jember Regency which has a focus on layer rooster’s commodity business. Members of this group are approximately 100 breeders. Production of laying hens has a final weight of around 800 g. Meanwhile, feeding during maintenance requires quite a lot of cost. The existence of expenditures made and income generated is unbalanced, of course, become quite serious problems in the world of the livestock business. This is due to the lack of understanding of the Nawawi Farm livestock group regarding the maintenance management of Laying Roosters. Therefore, training and educations are needed regarding the maintenance management of laying hens. The service of the community dedication stage begins with analyzing community needs, training in the management of laying hens, to guiding the maintenance of laying hens in the Nawawi Farm Livestock Group. The main results of the implementation of this service carried out is that all Nawawi Farm breeders can understand the maintenance management of Laying Hens properly and correctly. The service activities that have been carried out can be carried out properly and run smoothly in accordance with the planned activities that have been prepared. This community service activity was well-received by all apparatus of the Nawawi Farm breeder group. The suggestion of this activity is a follow-up activity in the form of training on making rations with the use of local feed ingredients, especially in the face of the new normal era now to maintain the economic stability of the Nawawi Farm livestock group.

Penyuluhan Standar Produksi Ayam Petelur Jantan pada Kelompok Ternak Nawawi Farm

One of the livestock groups engaged in raising male laying hens is the "Nawawi Farm" Farmer Group, which is located in Nogosari Village, Jember Regency. This group is chaired by Mr. Ainul and consists of approximately 100 breeders. Based on discussions with members of the livestock group, breeders have several problems. Farmers experience a lack of standard information on feed nutrient requirements, feed amount and feed conversion. The unknown standard of feed nutrient in male layer hens causes breeders to find it difficult to achieve the target harvest. Therefore, it is necessary to provide counseling on the production standards of male layer hens in the "Nawawi Farm" livestock group. The method of implementing the activity is in the form of a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stages, namely the analysis of community needs, counseling on the production standards of male laying hens, and guiding the maintenance of male laying hens. The output of this dedication is that all breeders of the "Nawawi Farm" livestock group can understand the production standards of male laying hens. Rations with protein, namely 18% crude protein, had no effect on feed consumption, FCR, mortality, production index. Rations with 18% crude protein can replace rations with 21% crude protein for feeding male layer hens. This service activity was welcomed by all breeders from the "Nawawi Farm" livestock group so that the service that has been carried out is well organized. Suggestions from this activity are expected that this service will be held at the next meeting in the form of competency training for making rations with the use of local materials in meeting the nutrient feed standards in raising male layer chickens in the "Nawawi Farm" livestock group of Jember Regency, in order to increase the production standards of male layer chickens so that they get greater profit.

Forecast of Epizootic situation for main helminthoses of Farm livestock in the Russian Federation for 2020

The purpose of the research is forecasting an epizootic situation for the main helminthoses of farm livestock in the Russian Federation for 2020.According to the WAHID of the International Office of Epizootics (Office International des Epizooties – QIE), the following zoonotic helminthoses were recorded in the Russian Federation in 2019: 489 people were infected with echinococcosis (causative agents were Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis), among them 4 people died, 42 were infected with Trichinella, and 40 contracted cysticercosis. 382 people suffering from toxoplasmosis were registered, among them 3 died. The infection was caused by ingestion of poorly cooked meat (tissue cysts) which had not undergone diagnostic testing before being supplied to retail trade system. For purposes of the country’s food safety in the field of controlling livestock inventory, products obtained from livestock and health security, the annual monitoring (forecast) is becoming relevant for helminth-contaminated areas of the Russian Federation among livestock.

KAJIAN PERMASALAHAN, KEBUTUHAN DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PETERNAKAN PADA KAWASAN AGRO-EKOLOGI TAMBRAUW, PAPUA BARAT

ABSTRAKProduksi pertanian yang dihasilkan belum dihasilkan dari produksi potensial. Produksi yang dihasilkan masih produksi minimal yang sebenarnya dapat ditingkatkan secara maksimal. Keterbatasan dijumpai pada aspek hulu dan hilir sistim peternakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui permasalahan, kebutuhan dan potensi pengembangan peternakan di kabupaten Tambrauw. Penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi di Distrik Sausapor dilakukan terhadap delapan informan kunci. Pertanyaan difokuskan pada permasalahan, kebutuhan dan potensi sumberdaya alam yang dimiliki oleh peternak. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif naratif dan disajikan dalam bentuk cause-effect diagram, tabulasi dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat persoalan dasar yaitu rendahnya pelatihan, tidak adanya pos pelayanan pertanian terpadu, sumberdaya manusia pada instansi teknis yang kurang, dan minimnya data potensi sumberdaya alam. Pengembangan masyarakat pelaku usahatani peternakan menjadi sentral isu dalam hal pemberdayaan/pembinaan. Sarana dan prasarana menjadi strategis untuk dikembangkan seperti kantor pos pelayanan pertanian terpadu (P3T). Sumberdaya petugas penyuluh dan tenaga teknis seperti inseminator, dokter hewan dan tenaga paramedis diprogramkan oleh Dinas Peternakan. Pembibitan Hijauan Pakan Ternak perlu dikembangkan bersamaan dengan itu klinik pembibitan ternak menjadi rekomendasi jangka menengah.ABSTRACTAgricultural yields do not produce from farming yields potential yet. It is lower production, which can optimally be increased. Limiting factors are hampering off-farm and on-farm livestock farming systems. The objective of doing this research is to keen on constraints, needs and developing potency in Tambrauw regency. The finding of this research was that the regency has potency in developing livestock farming. This can be done by adapting the development of livestock farming based on the land characteristic. Community development becomes central issues in the case of community empowering. Infrastructures become strategic in further development, such as integrated agricultural service office. The local government shall prepare human resources, such as extension officers, inseminators, veterinarians, and paramedics. The community will recommend forage seeds need to be developed and veterinary clinic in the middle term period.

Climate Variability and Urban Agricultural Activities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Two terms that are enjoying increasing overwhelming global literature advocacy and discussion are urban farming and climate change. While there is increasing advocacy towards the relevance of urban agriculture for urban dwellers and how it translates into a mitigation strategy against climate change variability and adaptation to urban poverty, the effect of some urban farming activities and how it serves as a driver to climate change needs to be investigated. In most of the urban periphery where there is availability of a large expanse of land areas, farming activities are usually practised in form of settlement farm, livestock rearing, or plantation agriculture. The study based on quantitative and qualitative data from urban farmers in Ibadan argues that the location of urban farmlands is dependent on climatic factor such as access to land. The study identified that climate variability as reported by the urban farmers has resulted in the increased use of fertilizer for farming by urban farmers, and the main activity that is pro-climate change and variability is bush burning.