scholarly journals Spatial grain of adaptation is much finer than ecoregional‐scale common gardens reveal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 9920-9931
Author(s):  
Bill E. Davidson ◽  
Matthew J. Germino
Keyword(s):  
Common Gardens ◽  
Spatial Grain

A synthesis of local adaptation to climate through reciprocal common gardens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lortie ◽  
José L Hierro
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Common Gardens

Apparent Velocity of Motion Aftereffects in Central and Peripheral Vision

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Wright
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Real Motion ◽  
Temporal Decay ◽  
Spatial Grain ◽  
Motion Aftereffects

Adapting to a drifting grating (temporal frequency 4 Hz, contrast 0.4) in the periphery gave rise to a motion aftereffect (MAE) when the grating was stopped. A standard unadapted foveal grating was matched to the apparent velocity of the MAE, and the matching velocity was approximately constant regardless of the visual field position and spatial frequency of the adapting grating. On the other hand, when the MAE was measured by nulling with real motion of the test grating, nulling velocity was found to increase with eccentricity. The nulling velocity was constant when scaled to compensate for changes in the spatial ‘grain’ of the visual field. Thus apparent velocity of MAE is constant across the visual field, but requires a greater velocity of real motion to cancel it in the periphery. This confirms that the mechanism underlying MAE is spatially-scaled with eccentricity, but temporally homogeneous. A further indication of temporal homogeneity is that when MAE is tracked, by matching or by nulling, the time course of temporal decay of the aftereffect is similar for central and for peripheral stimuli.

Spatial Grain and the Causes of Regional Diversity Gradients in Ants

2003 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kaspari ◽  
May Yuan ◽  
Leeanne Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Spatial Grain

scholarly journals Genotypic variation in phenological plasticity: Reciprocal common gardens reveal adaptive responses to warmer springs but not to fall frost

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary F. Cooper ◽  
Kevin C. Grady ◽  
Jacob A. Cowan ◽  
Rebecca J. Best ◽  
Gerard J. Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Common Gardens

scholarly journals QTL x environment interactions underlie ionome divergence in switchgrass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Alice MacQueen ◽  
Jason Bonnette ◽  
Felix B Fritschi ◽  
David B Lowry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Organisms

Abstract Ionomics measures elemental concentrations in biological organisms and provides a snapshot of physiology under different conditions. In this study, we evaluate genetic variation of the ionome in outbred, perennial switchgrass in three environments across the species’ native range, and explore patterns of genotype-by-environment interactions. We grew 725 clonally replicated genotypes of a large full sib family from a four-way linkage mapping population, created from deeply diverged upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes, at three common gardens. Concentrations of 18 mineral elements were determined in whole post-anthesis tillers using ion coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These measurements were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with and without QTL-by-environment interactions (QTLxE) using a multi-environment QTL mapping approach. We found that element concentrations varied significantly both within and between switchgrass ecotypes, and GxE was present at both the trait and QTL level. Concentrations of 14 of the 18 elements were under some genetic control, and 77 QTL were detected for these elements. 74% of QTL colocalized multiple elements, half of QTL exhibited significant QTLxE, and roughly equal numbers of QTL had significant differences in magnitude and sign of their effects across environments. The switchgrass ionome is under moderate genetic control and by loci with highly variable effects across environments.

Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Tree ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Correlative Models ◽  
Aquatic Invasions ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Spatial Grain

<i>Abstract.</i>—Lakes, like islands, have been model systems for testing important concepts in landscape ecology. Lake assemblage and community composition, generally, and the occurrence of invaders, specifically, are controlled by a range of factors across scales. Here, I use the example of Rainbow Smelt <i>Osmerus mordax </i>invasions in inland lakes to illustrate common problems in both predictive and explanatory models of invasive species distributions across landscapes. Using variables related to dispersal and regional- and lake-scale environment, I fitted a series of boosted regression tree models to examine the factors that explain Rainbow Smelt invasion success. These models illustrate the potential effects of extrapolation and nonequilibrium conditions, the role of human activities, and the difficulty of understanding the importance of biotic interactions in the spread of invasives. Understanding the factors controlling invasions should inform management and conservation of inland lake ecosystems. For this to be effective, a mechanistic framework is needed to untie correlations in potential driving factors. Emerging data sets with fine spatial grain and broad spatial extent will support the transition from correlative models to mechanistic understanding of aquatic invasions.

scholarly journals Effects of spatial grain size on different types of cultivated land landscape pattern in fragmented agricultural landscapes based on GF-2 imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Jie Shan ◽  
Xiaojun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spatial Grain

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of stomatal and photosynthetic features of four Picea species in two contrasting common gardens

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hao Wang ◽  
Jing Ru Wang ◽  
Xiao Wei Zhang ◽  
Ai Ping Zhang ◽  
Shan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Picea Species ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global climate change is expected to affect mountain ecosystems significantly. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of any genotype to produce a variety of phenotypes under different environmental conditions, is critical in determining the ability of species to acclimate to current climatic changes. Here, to simulate the impact of climate change, we compared the physiology of species of the genus Picea from different provenances and climatic conditions and quantified their phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) in two contrasting common gardens (dry vs. wet), and then considered phenotypic plastic effects on their future adaptation. The mean PPI of the photosynthetic features studied was higher than that of the stomatal features. Species grown in the arid and humid common gardens were differentiated: the stomatal length (SL) and width (SW) on the adaxial surface, the transpiration rate (Tr) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were more highly correlated with rainfall than other traits. There were no significant relationships between the observed plasticity and the species’ original habitat, except in P. crassifolia (from an arid habitat) and P. asperata (from a humid habitat). Picea crassifolia exhibited enhanced instantaneous efficiency of water use (PPI = 0.52) and the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration (PPI = 0.10) remained constant; this species was, therefore, considered to the one best able to acclimate when faced with the effects of climate change. The other three species exhibited reduced physiological activity when exposed to water limitation. These findings indicate how climate change affects the potential roles of plasticity in determining plant physiology, and provide a basis for future reforestation efforts in China.

scholarly journals Common gardens in teosintes reveal the establishment of a syndrome of adaptation to altitude

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e1008512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux-Alison Fustier ◽  
Natalia E. Martínez-Ainsworth ◽  
Jonás A. Aguirre-Liguori ◽  
Anthony Venon ◽  
Hélène Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Gardens ◽  
Adaptation To Altitude
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