scholarly journals The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wale ◽  
Rebecca C. Fuller ◽  
Sönke Johnsen ◽  
McKenna L. Turrill ◽  
Meghan. A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Ecology ◽  
Selective Predation

Visual Ecology

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Ecology

Selective Predation and Productivity Jointly Drive Complex Behavior in Host‐Parasite Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer R. Hall ◽  
Meghan A. Duffy ◽  
Carla E. Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Evolution of a predator-induced, nonlinear reaction norm

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1861) ◽  
pp. 20170859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio J. Carter ◽  
Martin I. Lind ◽  
Stuart R. Dennis ◽  
William Hentley ◽  
Andrew P. Beckerman
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Response

Inducible, anti-predator traits are a classic example of phenotypic plasticity. Their evolutionary dynamics depend on their genetic basis, the historical pattern of predation risk that populations have experienced and current selection gradients. When populations experience predators with contrasting hunting strategies and size preferences, theory suggests contrasting micro-evolutionary responses to selection. Daphnia pulex is an ideal species to explore the micro-evolutionary response of anti-predator traits because they face heterogeneous predation regimes, sometimes experiencing only invertebrate midge predators and other times experiencing vertebrate fish and invertebrate midge predators. We explored plausible patterns of adaptive evolution of a predator-induced morphological reaction norm. We combined estimates of selection gradients that characterize the various habitats that D. pulex experiences with detail on the quantitative genetic architecture of inducible morphological defences. Our data reveal a fine scale description of daphnid defensive reaction norms, and a strong covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues. By analysing the response of the reaction norm to plausible, predator-specific selection gradients, we show how in the context of this covariance, micro-evolution may be more uniform than predicted from size-selective predation theory. Our results show how covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues for morphological defence can shape the evolutionary trajectory of predator-induced defences in D. pulex .

Size-selective predation by roach (Rutilus rutilus) on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): field stuides

Oecologia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prejs ◽  
K. Lewandowski ◽  
A. Stańczykowska-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus

scholarly journals Colourfulness as a possible measure of object proximity in the larval zebrafish brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Bartel ◽  
Filip K Janiak ◽  
Daniel Osorio ◽  
Tom Baden
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Visual Ecology ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Spectral Tuning ◽  
Fish Brain ◽  
Visual Neurons ◽  
Zebrafish Brain ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

The encoding of light increments and decrements by separate On- and Off- systems is a fundamental ingredient of vision, which supports the detection of edges in space and time and makes efficient use of limited dynamic range of visual neurons [1]. Theory predicts that the neural representation of On- and Off-signals should be approximately balanced, including across an animals’ full visible spectrum. Here we find that larval zebrafish violate this textbook expectation: in the fish brain, UV-stimulation near exclusively gives On-responses, blue/green-stimulation mostly Off- responses, and red-light alone elicits approximately balanced On- and Off-responses (see also [2–4]). We link these findings to zebrafish visual ecology, and suggest that the observed spectral tuning boosts the encoding of object “colourfulness”, which correlates with object proximity in their underwater world [5].

Interlake variation in growth and size structure of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): inverse analysis of an individual-based model

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Nibbelink ◽  
Stephen R Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Free Parameters ◽  
Contrasting Habitats

Habitat structure alters food availability and predation risk, thereby directly affecting growth, mortality, and size structure of fish populations. Size structure has often been used to infer patterns of resource abundance and predation. However, food availability and predation risk in contrasting habitats have proven difficult to measure in the field. We use an inverse modeling approach to estimate food availability and habitat choice parameters from changes in length distributions of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model suggests that dynamics of bluegill length distributions primarily reflect food availability and habitat choice. Bluegill behavior minimized effects of size-selective predation on size structure. Parameters for food availability and habitat choice were correlated. It was therefore not possible to attain unique estimates of food availability and habitat selection when both were free parameters. However, when one parameter was estimated independently, the other could be identified. In five Wisconsin lakes, seining studies were used to estimate the size at which bluegill switched from littoral to pelagic habitats. Using this measure of switch size in the model, we estimated food availability for bluegill in each lake. These estimates were positively correlated with observed growth (r2 = 0.91), demonstrating the model's ability to estimate food availability.

Selective predation on acorn weevils by seed-caching Siberian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus in a tripartite interaction

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqin Yang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Chuan Yan ◽  
Yihao Zhang ◽  
Dongyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Predation ◽  
Seed Caching ◽  
Siberian Chipmunk ◽  
Tripartite Interaction ◽  
Tamias Sibiricus
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