The Catalan butterfly monitoring scheme has the capacity to detect effects of modifying agricultural practices

Los impactos del cambio global sobre la biodiversidad muestran con frecuencia heterogeneidad de respuestas a nivel espacial. Los programas de ciencia ciudadana como el Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (CBMS) permiten estudiar el estado de las poblaciones de mariposas a largo plazo y en amplias escalas espaciales, y entender así los motores de cambio global que las afectan. En este trabajo se han calculado, utilizando una nueva metodología, las tendencias de un centenar de especies con los datos del CBMS para tres regiones climáticas: alpina, mediterránea húmeda y mediterránea árida. Se han comparado las tendencias de algunas especies comunes entre regiones, así como la relación de dichas tendencias con las características ecológicas de las especies. También se ha estudiado la evolución y cambios de índices ecológicos a nivel de comunidad a partir de transectos de la región alpina con series temporales largas. Los resultados muestran que en las tres regiones el porcentaje de especies en declive supera el de especies en incremento, aunque las comparaciones se han hecho mayormente con especies generalistas y probablemente subestiman el declive que pueden estar experimentando las especies raras. Para las especies comunes, las regresiones han sido más severas en la región mediterránea árida que en la región alpina. En esta última región no se ha encontrado una relación entre las tendencias poblacionales y los índices ecológicos de las especies, pero por el contrario sí se detectan cambios significativos de diferentes índices de la comunidad a nivel local, como resultado principalmente de procesos de abandono del pastoreo y el avance de especies termófilas hacia mayores altitudes.

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Biodiversity Evaluation: From Endorsed Indexes to Inclusion of a Pollinator Indicator

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13100477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 477

Author(s):

Sergio Albertazzi ◽

Elisa Monterastelli ◽

Manuela Giovanetti ◽

Emanuele Luigi Zenga ◽

Simone Flaminio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Citizen Science ◽

Regulatory Agency ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

European Level ◽

Monitoring Scheme ◽

Standards Implementation ◽

Biodiversity Index ◽

Strategic Funding

There is increasing interest in evaluating biodiversity to preserve ecosystem services. Researchers can sustain policymakers by providing tools, such as indexes and indicators, that need constant implementation to become accepted standards. Implementation may vary from re-evaluation of existing indicators to introduction of new ones based on emerging threats to biodiversity. With the aim of contributing to the compelling need to estimate and counterbalance pollinator loss, we screened existing bioindicators. We first selected indexes/indicators applied to agricultural contexts and concurrently endorsed by a regulatory agency. We then extended our analysis to indexes/indicators based on arthropod taxa and formally recognized at least by national bodies. Our procedure identified a combination of surveys of various animal taxa and remote landscape analyses (e.g., using a GIS and other cartographic tools). When the animals are arthropods, most indexes/indicators can only address confined environments (e.g., grasslands, riversides). Indicator strength was improved by the simultaneous inclusion of biotic and abiotic components. Pollinator sensitivity to changes at micro-habitat level is widely appreciated and may help distinguish agricultural practices. A biodiversity index based on pollinators, including a wide monitoring scheme supplemented by citizen science, is currently fostered at the European level. The results obtained using such an index may finally enable focusing of strategic funding. Our analysis will help to reach this goal.

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Confidentiality of Statistical Records: A Threat-Monitoring Scheme for On Line Dialogue

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1635718 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. Schlörer

Keyword(s):

Statistical Data ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Data Bank ◽

High Ratio ◽

Point Of View ◽

Data Sets ◽

Monitoring Scheme ◽

Access Controls ◽

On Line ◽

Bona Fide

From a statistical data bank containing only anonymous records, the records sometimes may be identified and then retrieved, as personal records, by on line dialogue. The risk mainly applies to statistical data sets representing populations, or samples with a high ratio n/N. On the other hand, access controls are unsatisfactory as a general means of protection for statistical data banks, which should be open to large user communities. A threat monitoring scheme is proposed, which will largely block the techniques for retrieval of complete records. If combined with additional measures (e.g., slight modifications of output), it may be expected to render, from a cost-benefit point of view, intrusion attempts by dialogue valueless, if not absolutely impossible. The bona fide user has to pay by some loss of information, but considerable flexibility in evaluation is retained. The proposal of controlled classification included in the scheme may also be useful for off line dialogue systems.

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Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Packing Operation Sanitation

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fs189-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jesscia A. Lepper ◽

Aswathy Sreedharan ◽

Renée Goodrich Schneider ◽

Keith R. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Good Agricultural Practices ◽

Produce Safety ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Safety Rule ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Voluntary Program ◽

Federal Guidelines

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing, storage and shipping. This factsheet covers GAPs relating to packing operation sanitation. There are seven other Florida Cooperative Extension factsheets in the ‘Food Safety on the Farm’ series that focus on specific aspects of the GAPs program and how they relate to Florida crops and practices. Under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), GAPs are a foundation of the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Other than for round tomatoes in Florida (T-GAPs regulation), GAPs have mainly been a voluntary program. Additionally the PSR mandates all non-exempt operations to follow these new FSMA federal guidelines (6), but all exempt commodities and for those producers exporting to foreign countries, GAPs may still be required. Both the mandatory PSR and GAPs aim to reduce the foodborne illness burden associated with produce.

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Study on Existing Agricultural Practices in Orathanadu Block of Tanjore District

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/may2013/106 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 315-317

Author(s):

Dr.K.Manimozhi Dr.K.Manimozhi ◽

◽

N.Vaishnavi N.Vaishnavi

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Practices

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Dynamics of CO2 emission from chernozems under agricultural use

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp4.03.043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

M. Miroshnychenko ◽

O. Siabruk

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Growing Season ◽

Warm Period ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Mineral System

Aim. The comparison of the effect of hydrothermal conditions and various agricultural practices on the emission of CO 2 from chernozems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The dynamics of the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from chernozem calcic (typical chernozem – in Ukrainian classifi cation) was studied during the growing season of 2011–2012. The observations were based on two fi eld experiments with various methods of soil till- age (6–7 years from the beginning of the experiment) and fertilization systems (21–22 years from the beginning of the experiment). Particularly, plowing at 20–22 cm, disking at 10–12 cm, cultivation at 6–8 cm and direct seeding using Great Plains drill were studied among the soil tillage methods. Mineral system (N 45 P 50 K 45 ), organic system (manure 8 t/ha) and combined organic-mineral system (manure 8 t/ha + N 45 P 50 K 45 ) were studied among fertilization systems. The intensity of CO 2 fl ux was determined using the non-stationary respiratory chambers by the alkaline absorption method, with averaging of the results during the day and the frequency of once a month. Results. During the warm period, the emission of carbon dioxide from the soil changes dynamically depending on temperature and humidity. The maximum of emission coincides with the periods of warm summer showers in June-July, the minimum values are characteristic for the late autumn period. The total emission losses of carbon in chernozems over the vegetation period ranged from 480 to 910 kg/ha and varied depending on the methods of tillage ± (4.0–6.0) % and fertilization systems ± (3.8–7.1) %. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different methods of soil tillage are associated with hydrothermal regime and the depth of crop residues location. The biggest difference is observed im- mediately after tillage, but in the spring period the differences are only 12–25 %, and after drying of the top layer of soil become even less. Direct seeding technology provides the greatest emission of CO 2 from chernozem, which is fa- cilitated by better water regime and more complete mineralization of plant residues on the soil surface. Annual losses of carbon are the least under disking of soil at 10–12 cm. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different fertilization systems are associated with the involvement of the additional organic matter from plant residues and manure to the microbiological decomposition. The greatest emission was observed under the organic- mineral fertilization system, which increased the loss of carbon by 7–8 % in comparison with the mineral system in the unfavorable hydrothermal year and by 11–15 % in the more favorable year. These differences are observed mainly during the fi rst half of the growing season when there is a clear tendency to increase the intensity of soil respiration. Conclusions. The hydrothermal conditions of the warm period of the year are decisive in the formation of the CO 2 emission fl ow from chernozems. Due to the improvement of agricultural practices, emissions might be reduced but not more that by 15 % of natural factor contribution.

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