scholarly journals Maximizing ecosystem services to the oil crop Brassica carinata through landscape heterogeneity and arthropod diversity

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Stiles ◽  
Jonathan G. Lundgren ◽  
Charles B. Fenster ◽  
Henning Nottebrock
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Oil Crop

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation in Ecosystem Services and Their Drivers among Different Landscape Heterogeneity Units and Terrain Gradients in the Southern Hill and Mountain Belt, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Liang-Jie Wang ◽  
Shuai Ma ◽  
Jiang Jiang ◽  
Yu-Guo Zhao ◽  
Jin-Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Casa Model ◽  
Mountain Belt ◽  
Integrated Valuation

Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecosystem services (ESs) and their drivers in mountainous areas is important for sustainable ecosystem management. However, the effective construction of landscape heterogeneous units (LHUs) to reflect the spatial characteristics of ESs remains to be studied. The southern hill and mountain belt (SHMB) is a typical mountainous region in China, with undulating terrain and obvious spatial heterogeneity of ESs, and was selected as the study area. In this study, we used the fuzzy k-means (FKM) algorithm to establish LHUs. Three major ESs (water yield, net primary productivity (NPP), and soil conservation) in 2000 and 2015 were quantified using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and Carnegie Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) model. Then, we explored the spatial variation in ESs along terrain gradients and LHUs. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the driving factors of ESs in each terrain region and LHU. The results showed that altitude and terrain niche increased along LHUs. Water yield and soil conservation increased from 696.86 mm and 3920.19 t/km2 to 1061.12 mm and 5117.90 t/km2, respectively, while NPP decreased from 666.95 gC/m2 to 648.86 gC/m2. The ESs in different LHUs differed greatly. ESs increased first and then decreased along LHUs in 2000. In 2015, water yield decreased along LHUs, while NPP and soil conservation showed a fluctuating trend. Water yield was mainly affected by precipitation, temperature and NDVI were the main drivers of NPP, and soil conservation was greatly affected by precipitation and slope. The driving factors of the same ES were different in different terrain areas and LHUs. The variation and driving factors of ESs in LHUs were similar to some terrain gradients. To some extent, LHUs can represent multiple terrain features. This study can provide important support for mountain ecosystem zoning management and decision-making.

scholarly journals Karst landscapes of China: patterns, ecosystem processes and services

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2743-2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelin Wang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Hongsong Chen ◽  
Yueming Yue ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Karst Rocky Desertification ◽  
Landscape Models ◽  
Karst Ecosystems ◽  
Karst Landscapes

Abstract Context The karst region of southwestern China, one of the largest continuous karsts in the world, is known for its unique landscapes and rich biodiversity. This region has suffered severe environmental degradation (e.g., vegetation cover loss, soil erosion and biodiversity loss). In recent decades, Chinese governments at different levels have initiated several ecological programs (e.g., Green for Grain, Mountain Closure) to restore the degraded environment and to alleviate poverty. Objectives This study summarizes landscape studies of karst landscapes patterns, their dynamics and interactions among landscape pattern, hydrological processes and ecosystem services (ES). Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of science and land use policy to identify knowledge gaps and recommend future research and policy directions. Results Karst landscapes have experienced rapid turnover in recent decades due largely to the overlap of intense human activity on the fragile karst ecosystems. Many studies have comprehensively examined hydrology, soil processes and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships with landscape pattern. Most of these studies have found that karst ecosystems recover with improved ES. However, the importance of epikarst in hydrological and soil processes, intense anthropogenic disturbance and landscape heterogeneity in landscape models remains elusive. Conclusions Future research should focus on in-depth examination and modelling of karst specific hydrological and soil processes, investigating relationships between climatic change, landscape change, ecological processes, and region-specific ES assessments. Results from such research should provide the necessary scientific support for a comprehensive, national karst rocky desertification treatment project (Stage II) and poverty alleviation initiatives.

scholarly journals Maximizing Ecosystem Services Provided to the New Oil Crop Brassica carinata Through Landscape and Arthropod Diversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Stiles ◽  
Jon Lundgren ◽  
Charles Fenster ◽  
Henning Nottebrock
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Pollinator Diversity ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTPrairies, once spanning the Upper Midwest, have now largely been replaced by agriculture. The lack of resources available to pollinators in agricultural fields and practices commonly employed has led to a decline in insect diversity. To enhance sustainable practices, we must better understand how ecosystem services such as pest control and pollination services provided by a diverse insect and pollinator community scale to current farming practices as related to crop yield and how landscape features may positively contribute to insect and pollinator diversity. We examined how landscape heterogeneity relates to insect and pollinator diversity, as well as how insect and pollinator diversity relates to crop yield across common farming practices. We planted 35 single acre sites of Brassica carinata, a generalist flower possibly capable of supporting a diverse insect community. We randomly assigned each site with a combination of three common farming practices: tilling (yes/no), added honey bee hives (yes/no), and treatment with systemic neonicotinoids (yes/no). Insect and pollinator diversity and the surrounding landscape at multiple spatial scales were calculated. We observed a significant positive relationship between insect (and pollinator) diversity with yield in the absence of any farming practice. All farming practices will increase yield. However, farming practices alter the relationship between yield and diversity. The addition of seed treatment or tillage negates the relationship between insect (and pollinator) diversity with yield. Seed treatment alone results in a flat relationship between diversity and yield for all insects and a negative relationship for pollinators. Increased landscape heterogeneity results in a positive relationship between insect diversity at the 1000 m scale and pollinator diversity at the 3000 m scale, suggesting large-scale heterogeneity contributes to overall insect diversity. Our results show that increasing large-scale landscape heterogeneity increases diversity serving as a substitute for common farming practices such as application of pesticides, tilling, or bee hives. Increased heterogeneity could save farmers from the input cost of treatment or tillage, by way of increased insect diversity, while still providing similar yields.

scholarly journals Exploring Public Recognition and Perceived Cultural Value of the Special Qualities within English Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12178
Author(s):  
Isabelle King ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Large Groups

As both the concept of ‘landscape’ and ‘beauty’ have very perceptual definitions, they must be assessed by large groups to be appropriately addressed. Therefore, amid a review of AONB designation, cultural perceptions of what is valuable within these designated areas is of paramount importance. Ecosystem services have gained traction as a way to assign social value to the non-physical benefits landscape can provide. AONB landscapes have a list of ‘special qualities’ (SQs) which are the features and characteristics of this area that warrant its protection. This study looks at the extent to which SQs reflect public values. Multiple methods including photo elicitation, participatory mapping, in-person surveys and social media data analysis have been used. The study suggests that when presented with the same landscape there is huge diversity as to what should be considered ‘special’. There is a general preference of landscape heterogeneity, therefore no one SQ could be more important than any of the others if considered in isolation. SQs that have a tangible link to the cultural ecosystem services they provide, were most appreciated. All methods used had their own benefits and flaws, hence future research should use a combination of methods to address perception issues.

scholarly journals Temporal resource continuity increases predator abundance in a metapopulation model: insights for conservation and biocontrol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Spiesman ◽  
Benjamin Iuliano ◽  
Claudio Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Temporal Variance ◽  
Basal Resources ◽  
Predator Abundance

AbstractThe amount of habitat in a landscape is an important metric for evaluating the effects of land cover and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services, yet it fails to capture complex temporal dimensions of resource availability that could be consequential for species population dynamics. If ephemeral resources across multiple habitat patches are synchronously available, resource gaps could be detrimental to population growth. In contrast, asynchronously available resources create a mosaic of temporally complementary resources that mobile organisms can track across the landscape. Knowledge is especially lacking on the relevance of temporal complementation for tri-trophic interactions and biological pest control. Here we use a spatially-explicit predator-prey metapopulation model to test the effect of different spatiotemporal resource patterns on insect predators and their prey. We examined prey and predator responses in model landscapes that varied in both the amount and temporal variability of basal vegetation resources. Further, we examined cases where prey comprised either a single generalist species or two specialist species that use different resources available either early or late in the growing season. We found that predators and generalist prey benefitted from lower temporal variance of basal resources, which increased both of their landscape-scale abundances. However, increasing the amount of basal resources also increased the variability of generalist prey populations, resulting in a negative correlation between basal resource amount and predator abundance. Specialist prey, on the other hand, did not benefit from less temporally variable in basal resources, since they were restricted by habitat type while also suffering greater predation. Predators feeding on specialists achieved greater prey suppression in landscapes with less temporally variable resources. Our simulations demonstrate the joint importance of landscape-scale temporal dynamics of resources and resource amount in understanding how landscape heterogeneity influences biodiversity and ecosystem services such as the biological control of agricultural pests.

Ecosystem services and disservices by birds, bats and monkeys change with macadamia landscape heterogeneity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. G. Linden ◽  
Ingo Grass ◽  
Elsje Joubert ◽  
Teja Tscharntke ◽  
Sina M. Weier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Importance of landscape heterogeneity in sustaining hydrologic ecosystem services in an agricultural watershed

Ecosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. art229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangxiao Qiu ◽  
Monica G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Agricultural Watershed

Impact of agricultural landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity and ecosystem services

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
卢训令 LU Xunling ◽  
刘俊玲 LIU Junling ◽  
丁圣彦 DING Shengyan
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity
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