scholarly journals Improving the Production of Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Mycelium in a Bioreactor by Measuring the Ergosterol Content

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carrillo ◽  
G. Díaz ◽  
M. Honrubia
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Fungus Mycelium

Viability of ectomycorrhizal fungus mycelium entrapped in calcium alginate gel

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya ◽  
Arnaldo Chaer Borges
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel

The in vitro effects of benomyl on disease tolerance, ectomycorrhiza formation, and growth of white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Y. de la Bastide ◽  
Bryce Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Disease Tolerance ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Fungal Competition

The influence of benomyl (methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) on disease tolerance, growth, and mycorrhization of aseptically grown white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings was assayed using the growth pouch technique. Six-day-old seedlings were inoculated concurrently with plugs of a pathogenic fungus Mycelium radicis atrovirens and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. Treatment with benomyl (100 ppm) reduced the pathogenic effects of M. radicis atrovirens, enhanced mycorrhization, and improved both shoot and overall seedling growth. The fungicidal activity of benomyl and improved mycorrhization by L. bicolor may both have influenced the pathogenicity of M. radicis atrovirens. A reduction in fungal competition within the seedling rhizosphere may improve the access of L. bicolor to potential colonization sites.

Tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungus mycelium to low temperature and freezing–thawing

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalong Ma ◽  
Guoting Yang ◽  
Liqiang Mu ◽  
Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lactarius Deliciosus ◽  
Leakage Test ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Growth Experiments

Very little is known about the tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the freezing and repetitive freezing–thawing in northern coniferous forests. Isolates of Cortinarius multiformis , Russula densifolia , Suillus granulatus , and Lactarius deliciosus were exposed to a series of temperatures between +4 and –40 °C. The relative electrolyte leakage test indicated that the lethal temperature for 50% of samples was between –7.6 and –13.7 °C. Resume growth experiments showed that the 4 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi had a relatively high tolerance to the low temperatures, with L. deliciosus having the highest tolerance and C. multiformis the lowest. The repeated freezing–thawing delayed the growth of mycelium, which decreased with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

scholarly journals Development of a Methodology for Estimating the Ergosterol in Meat Product-Borne Toxigenic Moulds to Evaluate Antifungal Agents

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Micaela Álvarez ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez ◽  
Elena Bermúdez ◽  
Elia Roncero ◽  
María J. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Toxigenic Moulds

Antifungal agents are commonly used in the meat industry to prevent the growth of unwanted moulds, such as toxigenic ones, on dry-cured meat products. For enhancing the application of antifungals, their mode of action must be evaluated. Their effect on the mould ergosterol content is one of the most studied ones, since it is the target site of some commercialised antifungals or of those that are in development. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for determining how the antifungal agents used in the meat industry work. A method for analysing ergosterol was firstly developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-FLD/DAD). The chromatographically optimised conditions (gradient and mobile phases) allowed us to reduce the time per analysis with respect to previously published methods up to 22 min. Withing the six checked extraction methods, method 5, showing the best mean recovery values (99.51%), the shortest retention time (15.8 min), and the lowest standard deviation values (9.92) and working temperature (60 °C), was selected. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.03 and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively. All the validation parameters corroborated the method’s suitability. Finally, its feasibility for evaluating the effect of a commercial antifungal preparation (AP) and different herbs that are frequently added to meat products on the ergosterol content of several toxigenic moulds was studied. Differences at the strain level were obtained in the presence of AP. Moreover, the addition of herbs significantly reduced the ergosterol content in Penicillium nordicum up to 83.91%. The developed methodology is thus suitable for screening the antifungals’ role in altering mould ergosterol biosynthesis before their application in real meat products.

Understanding introduction history: Genetic structure and diversity of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus, Suillus luteus, in Patagonia (Argentina)

Mycologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
María Belén Pildain ◽  
Paula Marchelli ◽  
María Marta Azpilicueta ◽  
Cristian Starik ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

scholarly journals Inocybe brijunica sp. nov., a New Ectomycorrhizal Fungus from Mediterranean Croatia Revealed by Morphology and Multilocus Phylogenetic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Armin Mešić ◽  
Danny Haelewaters ◽  
Zdenko Tkalčec ◽  
Jingyu Liu ◽  
Ivana Kušan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Biogeographical Region

A new ectomycorrhizal species was discovered during the first survey of fungal diversity at Brijuni National Park (Croatia), which consists of 14 islands and islets. The National Park is located in the Mediterranean Biogeographical Region, a prominent climate change hot-spot. Inocybe brijunica sp. nov., from sect. Hysterices (Agaricales, Inocybaceae), is described based on morphology and multilocus phylogenetic data. The holotype collection was found at the edge between grassland and Quercus ilex forest with a few planted Pinus pinea trees, on Veli Brijun Island, the largest island of the archipelago. It is easily recognized by a conspicuous orange to orange–red–brown membranaceous surface layer located at or just above the basal part of the stipe. Other distinctive features of I. brijunica are the medium brown, radially fibrillose to rimose pileus; pale to medium brown stipe with fugacious cortina; relatively small, amygdaliform to phaseoliform, and smooth basidiospores, measuring ca. 6.5–9 × 4–5.5 µm; thick-walled, utriform, lageniform or fusiform pleurocystidia (lamprocystidia) with crystals and mostly not yellowing in alkaline solutions; cheilocystidia of two types (lamprocystidia and leptocystidia); and the presence of abundant caulocystidia only in the upper 2–3 mm of the stipe. Phylogenetic reconstruction of a concatenated dataset of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear 28S rRNA gene (nrLSU), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) resolved I. brijunica and I. glabripes as sister species.

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