<p>Magnetic induction has proven to be a powerful tool in the exploration and characterization of structure in planetary subsurfaces. This is especially true in the case of Europa, where perhaps the best evidence for an extant subsurface ocean comes from identification of magnetic moments that vary with time. Past investigations, however, have been limited by available techniques for calculating induced magnetic fields based on a supposed internal structure, an important prerequisite to the determination of ocean properties by way of magnetic exploration. Critically, existing techniques permit only a spherically symmetric interior structure. In this work, we expand the ice&#8722;ocean boundary in terms of spherical harmonics and derive changes to the induced magnetic moments for a given boundary shape. We also demonstrate the application of this technique to Europa for the purpose of constraining the shape of its conducting ocean.</p>
The Determination of the Rotational State and Interior Structure of Venus with VERITAS
