Virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus infects multiple dog brain cell types in vitro

Background Migraine is a debilitating disorder characterized by severe headaches and associated neurological symptoms. A key challenge to understanding migraine has been the cellular complexity of the human brain and the multiple cell types implicated in its pathophysiology. The present study leverages recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics to localize the specific human brain cell types in which putative migraine susceptibility genes are expressed. Methods The cell-type specific expression of both familial and common migraine-associated genes was determined bioinformatically using data from 2,039 individual human brain cells across two published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. Enrichment of migraine-associated genes was determined for each brain cell type. Results Analysis of single-brain cell RNA sequencing data from five major subtypes of cells in the human cortex (neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells) indicates that over 40% of known migraine-associated genes are enriched in the expression profiles of a specific brain cell type. Further analysis of neuronal migraine-associated genes demonstrated that approximately 70% were significantly enriched in inhibitory neurons and 30% in excitatory neurons. Conclusions This study takes the next step in understanding the human brain cell types in which putative migraine susceptibility genes are expressed. Both familial and common migraine may arise from dysfunction of discrete cell types within the neurovascular unit, and localization of the affected cell type(s) in an individual patient may provide insight into to their susceptibility to migraine.

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Virulence of tissue culture-propagated canine distemper virus

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.29.3.940-944.1980 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 940-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A E Metzler ◽

R J Higgins ◽

S Krakowka ◽

A Koestner

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Passage Level ◽

Pulmonary Macrophage

Virulence of canine distemper virus (CDV) adapted to in vitro growth in Vero or bovine cells was determined by inoculation into CDV-susceptible neonatal gnotobiotic dogs. When compared with dogs given virulent R252-CDV, Vero R252-CDV was attenuated at passage level 14. In contrast, dogs inoculated with bovine R252-CDV at the same passage level experienced rapid fatal neurological disease. Virulence was not linked to ability to infect or replicate in canine pulmonary macrophage cultures. Retention of virulence by bovine R252-CDV is unique and worthy of further study.

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Canine distemper virus-induced glial cell changes in vitro

Acta Neuropathologica ◽

10.1007/bf00684920 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 62 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. Zurbriggen ◽

M. Vandevelde

Keyword(s):

Glial Cell ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Cell Changes

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Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Canine Distemper Virus In Vitro: Cross-Reaction between Vaccine Onderstepoort and Field KDK-1 Strains with Different Hemagglutinin Gene Characteristics

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.9.4.921-924.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 921-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masami Mochizuki ◽

Megumi Motoyoshi ◽

Ken Maeda ◽

Kazunari Kai

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Field Isolate ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Cross Reaction ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Hemagglutinin Gene

ABSTRACT The properties of neutralization of antigens of canine distemper virus Onderstepoort and a recent field isolate, KDK-1, were investigated with strain-specific dog sera. A conventional neutralization assay indicated antigenic dissimilarity between the strains; however, when guinea pig complement was included in the reaction mixture, the strains were neutralized with not only the homologous but also the heterologous antibodies.

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The distribution of the histone H1° in different brain cell types

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/0006-291x(82)91568-6 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 78-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martin R. Harris ◽

Nerina Harborne ◽

Bryan J. Smith ◽

James Allan

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Histone H1 ◽

Brain Cell ◽

Brain Cell Types

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Education and Socioeconomic Status Mask the Identification of Brain Cell Types in GWAS of Mental Health and Disease

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

pp. S110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank Wendt ◽

Gita Pathak ◽

Todd Lencz ◽

John Krystal ◽

Joel Gelernter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cell Types ◽

Brain Cell ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Brain Cell Types

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Recovery of NanoLuc Luciferase-Tagged Canine Distemper Virus for Facilitating Rapid Screening of Antivirals in vitro

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.600796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Fuxiao Liu ◽

Qianqian Wang ◽

Yilan Huang ◽

Ning Wang ◽

Youming Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Reverse Genetics ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Virus Propagation ◽

The Family ◽

Conventional Methods

Canine distemper virus (CDV), belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, is a highly contagious pathogen, affecting various domestic, and wild carnivores. Conventional methods are too cumbersome to be used for high-throughput screening of anti-CDV drugs. In this study, a recombinant CDV was rescued using reverse genetics for facilitating screening of anti-CDV drug in vitro. The recombinant CDV could stably express the NanoLuc® luciferase (NLuc), a novel enzyme that was smaller and “brighter” than others. The intensity of NLuc-catalyzed luminescence reaction indirectly reflected the anti-CDV effect of a certain drug, due to a positive correlation between NLuc expression and virus propagation in vitro. Based on such a characteristic feature, the recombinant CDV was used for anti-CDV assays on four drugs (ribavirin, moroxydine hydrochloride, 1-adamantylamine hydrochloride, and tea polyphenol) via analysis of luciferase activity, instead of via conventional methods. The result showed that out of these four drugs, only the ribavirin exhibited a detectable anti-CDV effect. The NLuc-tagged CDV would be a rapid tool for high-throughput screening of anti-CDV drugs.

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