HIV/AIDS and Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhara Chandrashekhara ◽  
Sandeepkumar O
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Children are innocent victims of HIV infection through vertical transmission. Children who are HIV positive, either through mother-to-child transmission or following sexual abuse, are often not told what could happen to them, and they will certainly be frightened when they experience symptoms.

scholarly journals Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection and Its Determinants among Exposed Infants on Care and Follow-Up in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fisseha Wudineh ◽  
Bereket Damtew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Since the scale-up for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, rates of HIV infection among exposed infants have significantly declined. However, current achievements fell short of achieving the target sets. We investigated mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection and its determinants among HIV-exposed infants on care at Dilchora Referral Hospital in Dire Dawa City Administration. A retrospective institutional cohort study was conducted by reviewing follow-up records of HIV-exposed infants who were enrolled into care. Infants’ HIV serostatus was the outcome measure of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to identify significant determinants. Of the 382 HIV-exposed infants enrolled into care, 60 (15.7%) became HIV positive. Rural residence (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.22), home delivery (AOR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.58, 8.38), infant not receiving ARV prophylaxis at birth (AOR: 5.83; 95% CI: 2.84, 11.94), mixed feeding practices (AOR: 42.21; 95% CI: 8.31, 214.38), and mother-child pairs neither receiving ARV (AOR: 4.42; 95% CI: 2.01, 9.82) were significant independent determinants of MTCT of HIV infection. Our findings suggest additional efforts to intensify scale-up of PMTCT services in rural setting and improve institutional delivery and postnatal care for HIV positive mothers and proper follow-up for HIV-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission among Infants Born to HIV-Positive Women in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zebideru Z Abebe ◽  
Mezgebu Y Mengistu ◽  
Yigzaw K Gete ◽  
Abebaw G Worku ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the major source of HIV infection among children under the age of 15 years. There were limited studies on the MTCT rate in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to measure mother-to-child transmission and to identify factors associated with MTCT. An institutional-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-exposed infants (HEIs). The HEIs who booked in mother–baby pair cohort register between January 2014 and December 2016 were abstracted and included in the study. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data abstraction. The collected data were coded and double entered into EPI Info version 3.5.4 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. A penalized logistic regression model was used. p-value <0.05 was taken as the significance level. A total of 796 HEIs participated in the study in which 96.9% received nevirapine prophylaxis, 97.5% were exclusively breastfed for 6 months, and 95.2% received HIV test at 6 weeks. About 36.5% of mothers of HEIs received ART (Antiretroviral Treatment) for less than 4 weeks during delivery. Of the mothers of HEIs, 7.6% were in WHO clinical stage I and 64.1% had >350 CD4 count at the first antenatal care visit. Overall, MTCT of HIV was 1.5%, and 59.2% of HEIs were discharged from the PMTCT care at the age of 12-18 months. The vertical transmission of HIV was significantly associated with the duration of ART (AOR 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.96). The MTCT was 84.0% less likely in mothers who did receive Antiretrovirals (ARVs) >12 months compared with mothers who did receive ARVs <4 weeks during delivery. The study indicated that vertical transmission of HIV was significantly associated with the duration of ART. Even if a considerable low MTCT rate was observed, early identification and treatment among HIV-positive pregnant women should be strengthened.

scholarly journals DUKUNGAN KELUARGA, DUKUNGAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN, DAN PERILAKU IBU HIV DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV/AIDS KE BAYI

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Khoiriyah Isni
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Berdasarkan faktor risiko penularan, kasus HIV pada ibu rumah tangga menduduki per-ingkat kedua. Penularan melalui perinatal menyumbang 5,1%. Tujuan penelitian ada-lah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dan dukungan petugas kesehatan dengan perilaku ibu HIV positif dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi.Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2014 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan menggu-nakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel ibu HIV positif sebanyak 32 orang secara total sampling.Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan 65,6% mendapat dukungan dari keluarga, 75% mendapat dukungan dari petugas kesehatan, dan 56,3% memiliki perilaku baik dalam pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji fisher exact didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukung-an petugas kesehatan dengan perilaku ibu HIV positif (p=0,010, OR=17), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku ibu HIV positif dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke bayi (p=0,142).</p><p>Kata kunci : Perilaku ibu HIV, PMTCT, Dukungan keluarga, Dukungan Petugas Kesehatan</p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The number of women who infected with HIV has increased year by year. Through perinatal transmission contributed 5.1%. This study aims to learn associated of family support and health provider support with the behavior of HIV positive mothers in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted in Central Java Province at 2014. This study was a cross sectional approach. The sample was collected 32 HIV positive mothers with total sampling technique. Univariat analysis result showed that 65,6% receiving family support, 75% receiving health provider support, and 56,3% has good behavior in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. Bivariat analysis used fisher exact showed that there was a relationship between health provider support and HIV positive mothers behavior (p=0,010, OR=17), there was no relationship between family support and HIV positive mothers behavior in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (p=0,142).</em></p><p><em>Keywords :HIV mothers behavior; PMTCT; Family support; Health provider support</em></p>

scholarly journals Determinant factor of married women’s knowledge on vertical transmission of HIV in Mecha district, Ethiopia; a community-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242659
Author(s):  
Tewachew Muche Liyeh
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Introduction Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection remains a major public health problem and constitutes the most important cause of HIV infection in children. Knowledge of married women on MTCT of HIV is very important for successful intervention toward prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and achieving the goal of eliminating the new HIV infection. The objective of the study was to assess knowledge of married women on MTCT of HIV and associated factors in Mecha district Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross sectional study was conducted involving 520 married women from January 1 to February 30 /2017 in Mecha district. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. The collected data was entered, cleaned and checked using Epi Data version 3.1 and then analyzed with SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was computed for all explanatory variables to identify determinant factors at 95% confidence interval. Explanatory variables having P-value <0.05 taken as a predictor for knowledge of married women on mother to child transmission of HIV. Result This study was carried out among a total of 520 married reproductive age group women with a response rate of 98%. From the total of 510 respondents, 160(31.4%) of women were knowledgeable on vertical transmission of HIV (MTCT). Women who were knowledgeable on MTCT of HIV was positively associated with urban residence (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.05–2.92), women who had history of ANC follow up (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.17–6.13), women who were pregnant during the study period (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.10–3.13) and those who had discussions with their husband about HIV/AIDS/ MTCT (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.52-.3.80). Conclusion and recommendation The finding from this study revealed that knowledge of married women on MTCT of HIV was low. This may contribute to increase the spread of MTCT of HIV. Therefore, giving more attention and emphasis on continuous education regarding MTCT of HIV is highly recommended.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital, Cuttack, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain ◽  
S. Dhivya ◽  
Sumitra Hota
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: Estimating the HIV seroprevalence in a low risk population such as pregnant women provide essential information for monitoring trend of HIV in general population and assist in prevention from mother to child transmission. Methods: This study was conducted in SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India between February 2014 to August 2014 which includes 1600 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic. Blood sample collected after pretest counselling and informed consent, tested for HIV antibodies as per NACO guidelines. First antibody test was ELISA. If initial result was positive, it was confirmed by two other supplemental tests. Results: Out of 1600 pregnant women, 8 found to be HIV-positive with seroprevalence rate of 0.5%. Majority of seropositive women (87.5%) were in the age group of 20-30 Years. 12.5% were in 15-19 years of age. The seroprevalence was high in less than 20 years of age (1.9%), with higher reproductive history (2.4%), and in illiterates (3%). Majority of HIV positive women’s husband were migrants followed by truckers. Conclusions: This study indicates a marginal increase in HIV prevalence in antenatal women even though our study population is not representative of whole India because it is a hospital based study with limited sample size. Mother to child transmission of HIV infection during pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding is responsible for more than 90% of pediatrics AIDS. Proper antenatal screening, interventions and preventive strategies during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding will bring down the mother to child transmission of HIV. 

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