Association between long-term low-intensity cigarette smoking and incidence of smoking-related cancer in the national institutes of health-AARP cohort

AbstractComa and disorders of consciousness (DoC) are highly prevalent and constitute a burden for patients, families, and society worldwide. As part of the Curing Coma Campaign, the Neurocritical Care Society partnered with the National Institutes of Health to organize a symposium bringing together experts from all over the world to develop research targets for DoC. The conference was structured along six domains: (1) defining endotype/phenotypes, (2) biomarkers, (3) proof-of-concept clinical trials, (4) neuroprognostication, (5) long-term recovery, and (6) large datasets. This proceedings paper presents actionable research targets based on the presentations and discussions that occurred at the conference. We summarize the background, main research gaps, overall goals, the panel discussion of the approach, limitations and challenges, and deliverables that were identified.

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The mediation effect of serum metabolites on the relationship between long-term smoking exposure and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08151-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mengke Wei ◽

Lihong Zhao ◽

Jiali Lv ◽

Xia Li ◽

Guangshuai Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cholic Acid ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Smoking Index

Abstract Background Long-term smoking exposure will increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas the mechanism is still unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore whether serum metabolites mediate the occurrence of ESCC caused by cigarette smoking. Methods Serum metabolic profiles and lifestyle information of 464 participants were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking exposure to ESCC risk. High-dimensional mediation analysis and univariate mediation analysis were performed to screen potential intermediate metabolites of smoking exposure for ESCC. Results Ever smoking was associated with a 3.11-fold increase of ESCC risk (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.63–6.05), and for each cigarette-years increase in smoking index, ESCC risk increased by 56% (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.18–2.13). A total of 5 metabolites were screened as mediators by high-dimensional mediation analysis. In addition, glutamine, histidine, and cholic acid were further proved existing mediation effects according to univariate mediation analysis. And the proportions of mediation of histidine and glutamine were 40.47 and 30.00%, respectively. The mediation effect of cholic acid was 8.98% according to the analysis of smoking index. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking contributed to incident ESCC, which may be mediated by glutamine, histidine and cholic acid.

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Comprehensive Detection, Grading, and Growth Behavior Evaluation of Subthreshold and Low Intensity Photocoagulation Lesions by Optical Coherence Tomographic and Infrared Image Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/492679 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stefan Koinzer ◽

Amke Caliebe ◽

Lea Portz ◽

Mark Saeger ◽

Yoko Miura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Infrared Image ◽

Growth Behavior ◽

Retinal Damage ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Retinal Area ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Irradiation Power

Purpose. To correlate the long-term clinical effect of photocoagulation lesions after 6 months, as measured by their retinal damage size, to exposure parameters. We used optical coherence tomographic (OCT)-based lesion classes in order to detect and assess clinically invisible and mild lesions.Methods. In this prospective study, 488 photocoagulation lesions were imaged in 20 patients. We varied irradiation diameters (100/300 µm), exposure-times (20–200 ms), and power. Intensities were classified in OCT images after one hour, and we evaluated OCT and infrared (IR) images over six months after exposure.Results. For six consecutive OCT-based lesion classes, the following parameters increased with the class: ophthalmoscopic, OCT and IR visibility rate, fundus and OCT diameter, and IR area, but not irradiation power. OCT diameters correlated with exposure-time, irradiation diameter, and OCT class. OCT classes discriminated the largest bandwidth of OCT diameters.Conclusion. OCT classes represent objective and valid endpoints of photocoagulation intensity even for “subthreshold” intensities. They are suitable to calculate the treated retinal area. As the area is critical for treatment efficacy, OCT classes are useful to define treatment intensity, calculate necessary lesion numbers, and universally categorize lesions in clinical studies.

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Short- and long-term effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/0002-9149(90)90030-5 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 84-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Junichiro Hayano ◽

Masami Yamada ◽

Yusaku Sakakibara ◽

Takao Fujinami ◽

Kiyoko Yokoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short And Long Term

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Cigarette smoking in long-term schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.07.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 219-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

R.K.R. Salokangas ◽

T. Honkonen ◽

E. Stengård ◽

A.-M. Koivisto ◽

J. Hietala

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Male Gender ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Women Patients ◽

Heavy Smoking ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Lower Education ◽

Great Health

AbstractPurposeCigarette smoking is a great health problem and prevalent among subjects with schizophrenia. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and associations of cigarette smoking in patients with long-term schizophrenia.MethodsSeven hundred and sixty schizophrenia patients were interviewed and their cigarette smoking was recorded.ResultsSmoking was more prevalent men than in women patients. In logistic regression analysis, male gender, duration of illness (DUI) from 10 to 19 years, being divorced or separated, lower education and high daily doses of neuroleptics (DDN) associated significantly with regular smoking. Heavy smoking associated, in men, with hospital treatment.ConclusionsIn schizophrenia patients, smoking is associated with long DUI, high DDN and institutional care. Interventions for cessation and/or reduction of cigarette smoking should be a part of the treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

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Smoking Functions as a Negative Regulator of IGF1 and Impairs Adipokine Network in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/3082820 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Malin C. Erlandsson ◽

Roberto Doria Medina ◽

Sofia Töyrä Silfverswärd ◽

Maria I. Bokarewa

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Novel Association ◽

Long Term Prognosis ◽

Never Smokers

Objectives.Smoking is pathogenic for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being tightly connected to the genetic and serological risk factors for this disease. This study aims to understand connections between cigarette smoking and serum levels of IGF1 and adipokines in RA.Methods.Serum levels of IGF1 and adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin were measured in two independent cohorts of RA patients from Gothenburg (n=350) and Leiden (n=193). An association of these parameters with smoking was tested in a direct comparison and proved by bivariate correlation analysis. The obtained associations were further tested in multivariate regression models where the confounders (age, gender, disease duration, and BMI) were controlled.Results.The smokers had significantly lower serum levels of IGF1, adiponectin, and leptin compared to never smokers. In regression analysis, smoking and low leptin, but not adiponectin, were associated and predicted low IGF1. Additionally, high disease activity and high BMI increased the probability of low leptin.Conclusions.The study indicates cigarette smoking as an important cause of a relative IGF1 and leptin deficiency in RA patients. This novel association between smoking and hypoleptinemia may be of importance for long-term prognosis of RA and for prediction of comorbidities.

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