scholarly journals Not all mitochondrial DNAs are made equal and the nucleus knows it

IUBMB Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Victoria Lechuga‐Vieco ◽  
Raquel Justo‐Méndez ◽  
José Antonio Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dnas

Existence of DNA in yeast microbodies

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Masako Osumi ◽  
Misuzu Nagano ◽  
Hiroko Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Model System ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Native State ◽  
Normal Alkane ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas

We have found that microbodies appeared profusely together with a remarkable increase in catalase activity in normal alkane-grown cells of hydrocarbon-utilizing Candida yeasts, and that the microbodies multiplied by division in these cells. These features of Candida yeasts seem to provide a useful model system for studies on the biogenesis of the microbody. Subsequently, we have succeeded in isolation of Candida microbodies in an apparently native state, as judged biochemically and morphologically. The presence of DNA in the purified microbody fraction thus obtained was proved by the diphenylamine method. DNA molecule of about 15 urn in contour length was released from an isolated microbody. The physicochemical analyses of the microbody DNA revealed that its buoyant density differed from nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs. All these results lead us to the possibility that there is a novel type of DNA in microbodies.

scholarly journals LENGTH MUTATIONS IN HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-711
Author(s):  
R L Cann ◽  
A C Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Noncoding Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Length Mutations

ABSTRACT By high-resolution, restriction mapping of mitochondrial DNAs purified from 112 human individuals, we have identified 14 length variants caused by small additions and deletions (from about 6 to 14 base pairs in length). Three of the 14 length differences are due to mutations at two locations within the D loop, whereas the remaining 11 occur at seven sites that are probably within other noncoding sequences and at junctions between coding sequences. In five of the nine regions of length polymorphism, there is a sequence of five cytosines in a row, this sequence being comparatively rare in coding DNA. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, in most of the polymorphic regions, a given length mutation has arisen several times independently in different human lineages. The average rate at which length mutations have been arising and surviving in the human species is estimated to be many times higher for noncoding mtDNA than for noncoding nuclear DNA. The mystery of why vertebrate mtDNA is more prone than nuclear DNA to evolve by point mutation is now compounded by the discovery of a similar bias toward rapid evolution by length mutation.

Assignment of two mitochondrially synthesized polypeptides to human mitochondrial DNA and their use in the study of intracellular mitochondrial interaction

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
N A Oliver ◽  
D C Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ht1080 Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Restriction Site Polymorphisms

Two mitochondrially synthesized marker polypeptides, MV-1 and MV-2, were found in human HeLa and HT1080 cells. These were assigned to the mitochondrial DNA in HeLa-HT1080 cybrids and hybrids by demonstrating their linkage to cytoplasmic genetic markers. These markers include mitochondrial DNA restriction site polymorphisms and resistance to chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis. In the absence of chloramphenicol, the expression of MV-1 and MV-2 in cybrids and hybrids was found to be directly proportional to the ratio of the parental mitochondrial DNAs. In the presence of chloramphenicol, the marker polypeptide linked to the chloramphenicol-sensitive mitochondrial DNA continued to be expressed. This demonstrated that resistant and sensitive mitochondrial DNAs can cooperate within a cell for gene expression and that the CAP-resistant allele was dominant or codominant to sensitive. Such cooperation suggests that mitochondrial DNAs can be exchanged between mitochondria.

scholarly journals Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNAs of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1(COI) Regions in Slow Lorises (Genus Nycticebus) May Contribute to Improved Identification of Confiscated Specimens

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Somura ◽  
Hiroshi Hori ◽  
Yoshinobu Manome
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Slow Loris ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 ◽  
Rrna 16S

The slow loris (Nycticebus) is a prosimian that is popular among exotic pet lovers. In Japan, many slow lorises have been imported illegally. Prosimians that have been confiscated in raids are protected in Japanese zoos, and the number of such animals has increased. In most cases, the country of origin remains unknown and even the species can be difficult to identify from the animal’s physical appearance alone. We have attempted to resolve this problem by using DNA analysis. DNA samples of five species, consisting of the Pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus), Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis), Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus), and Bornean slow loris (Nycticebus menagensis), were extracted, amplified, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(COI) regions were compared. Differences of nucleic acid sequences of representative individuals were demonstrated.

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