Experience in the legal regulation of international cooperation in police activity

The objective of the research was to reveal the experience in the legal regulation of international collaboration in the police and further define opportunities to use this experience in Ukraine. The need to study the successful experience of administrative and legal regulation of international police cooperation, is emphasized in order to determine the possibility of using this experience proactively, and developing ways to improve the quality of administrative and legal regulation of international police cooperation in Ukraine. Materials and methods based on the analysis of documentary sources were used. It is concluded that the main advantages of administrative and legal regulation of international police cooperation in the investigated countries, should be taken into account to improve the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of international cooperation in the National Police of Ukraine, with respect to implementing better and more effective provisions of its activities, which includes: introduction of special international training programs, retraining, advanced training (internship) of police personnel for the creation of an institute for international cooperation in various spheres of its activity.

Inter-Agency Cooperation and Coordination

In the past, the feminist movement exposed a sexist police culture as the main cause for police apathy in the face of domestic violence. This critique led to an ongoing transformation of police organisations. This transformation is composed of two main processes. The first process is a movement to constrain police activity, force police officers to take domestic violence seriously by enacting laws and rules that aim to reduce police officers' discretion. The second process also aims at transforming police activity, not by constraining it, but by improving the skills of police officers and making them work in partnerships with other stakeholders from medical or social service professions in the best interest of the victim. These partnerships may be within the police organisations or between the police and other stakeholders — typically social workers, magistrates, social housing representatives, NGOs, city administrators, etc. This chapter focuses on this second transformation process and aims at drawing comparative lessons from case studies in eight countries to document the characteristics of a "good partnership" against domestic violence.

Dynamics and structure of off ences and the ways the police respond to revealed crimes

Citizens’ sense of security depends on the activities of entities whose task is to provide this security to citizens. A citizen feels safe if his/her immediate environment is safe. These seemingly minor acts of misconduct have a very large impact on the sense of security of citizens, because it is with them that citizens most often come into contact. That is why a proper police activity in diagnosing offences, their detection and quick reaction to them is so important. Quick reaction to an offence gives a feeling that a citizen is not left alone with the problem, but also awareness and warning that anyone who commits an offence will suffer the consequences. The article presents the ways of reacting to an offence and shows, on the basis of statistical data of the National Police Headquarters, the tendencies of reaction to offences, their scale and dynamics.

Police legitimacy

The subject of the article is assessment of public confidence in the police and the legality of its activities by the opinion of the Russian population. The purpose of the research is to identify the reasons that affect the assessment of the police legitimacy, its perception by the population. The authors also dare to identify the role of "problem areas" of police activity (related to different violations of the law) in people assessment.The methodology of the research includes: sociological survey among Russians, comparative criminological, statistical, hermeneutic methods, expert assessments.The main result, scope of applications. The central link of the police legitimacy is public trust, recognition, leading to the cooperation between the people and the authorities. Legitimacy assessments are formed based on the study of public opinion – the official monitoring procedure. The website of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs provides information on the results of monitoring public opinion about the activities of the police, but an analysis of its content allows us to note its superficiality and unconvincing optimism. This is obviously affected by the shortcomings of the departmental legal regulation of the process of monitoring public opinion about the activities of the police, which, judging by the questionnaire questions (there are only three of them), is rather imitative in nature. We believe that the official monitoring of public opinion on the activities of the police, at a minimum, should be supplemented by the results of independent sociological studies aimed at establishing "problem areas" of police activity related to violations of the law, violence, ill-treatment, provocations, inducing someone, directly or indirectly, to commit illegal actions, other official abuses. Otherwise, the regulatory requirements for the activities of the police, which establish the foundations of its legitimacy, cannot be fully implemented. The survey of 362 citizens conducted by the authors allows to state that, with a fairly high assessment of the activities of the Russian police, respondents pay attention to the existence of such problems as: the lack of transparency of police activities and the presence of formal and informal means of evading the legality of police activity, the tolerance of justice authorities to police lawlessness, intoxication with power by police officers, the impact of police brutality on social and legal despair, violation of the law in the name of achieving its falsely understood goals. The extreme case of perverted official zeal is the execution of illegal orders. There are quite widespread ideas in public opinion that entrepreneurs often become victims of extortion by the police, that the police take bribes from medium and small businesses, that you can buy off police officers. At the same time, the results of the study indicate that a significant part of the population is determined to cooperate with the police.Conclusions. The public demand for the police is relevant, the honor and main meaning of which is to protect the interests of all people and serve justice. People need such policemen who will demonstrate not strength and power, but simple human complicity. This is the main secret of the legitimacy of the police. Another secret lies in the orientation of personnel policy towards professionals in the police: their selection, training and support in difficult situations.

Policeman’s competence as a component of his administrative and legal status: experience of the Baltic countries and the USA

Problem setting. The priority of law enforcement agencies of any developed country is to ensure law and order, protect individuals, society and the state from crime, and combat crime. These functions stand out among others in the regulatory framework and are the starting point for the activities of the country's law enforcement system. However, it is fair to say that the extent to which primary and secondary police powers are exercised varies considerably across countries. The level of its efficiency depends on it to a greater extent. Having embarked on the path of European integration, Ukraine has adopted a lot of new things into the legal basis of the National Police of Ukraine, however, there is a need for further implementation of legal norms in national legislation. Target of research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the police powers in the United States, Ukraine and the Baltic countries, the search for new models of policing for further implementation in Ukrainian legislation. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Significant contribution to the study of the organization and legal support of policing in the world, its importance in ensuring public safety, areas of strategic development of the police have made such scientists as Bugaychuk K. L., Chumak V. V, Mashutina E. V., Filstein M. V. etc. Article’s main body. Police activities in Ukraine, first of all, is regulated by the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» (02.07. 2015). It defines the principles of police activity, the police system, the measures applied by police officers, police powers, etc. Police powers are disclosed in the regulations quite fully and clearly, there is a division into basic, due to the appointment of a police body, and additional, which can be determined only by law. Nevertheless, the problem lies in the uncertainty of these powers given the police system. Given problems related to the normative component of policing, it is appropriate and relevant to refer to the foreign practice of the police, in particular to identify some features of their competence. We suggest that police competence is understood as a set of rights and responsibilities of a police officer, as well as the services provided by him. Analysing the experience of the Latvian police, it is necessary to note the differentiation of the police body depending on the field of activity and direct subordination. The Latvian police system has the following police units: the State Police, the Security Police, the Self-Government Police and the Port Police. Police activity in Lithuania has certain features of the stages of reforming the Lithuanian police such as depoliticization, professional development of the law enforcement system, active fight against corruption, provision of law enforcement services to the population, cooperation with the European community, deepening integration processes of internal security. Conclusions and prospects for the development. It is appropriate to establish a legal definition of each structural unit of the police and their main powers, as well as to propose the division of police powers depending on their rights, responsibilities and services. Specific changes should concern both the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» and bylaws, in particular the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 04.06.2007 «On approval of the list of paid services provided by units … of the National Police», the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 28.10.2015. «On approval of the Regulations on the National Police».

On the Contribution of Professor V.V. Chernikov to the Development of Scientific Grounds and the Establishment of the Police Law Branch in the Russian Federation

This article, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the famous Russian administrative law scholar — Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Valery V. Chernikov, examines his contribution to the development of scientific foundations and the formation of police legislation as one of the branches of the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The Author shows the role of Valery V. Chernikov in the preparation of official drafts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Law of April 18, 1991 “Militia” and the Federal Law of February 7, 2011 № 3-FZ “Police”, reveals his interpretation of the definitions of “police legislation”, “police activity”, “the police system of Russia”. Particular attention is paid to vital faults, which, according to Valery V. Chernikov, are inherent in police legislation, and the main directions for the further development of this branch of modern domestic legislation, including, among other things, the development and adoption of the Police Code of the Russian Federation.

Policing and collective efficacy: A rapid evidence assessment

Collective efficacy is a neighbourhood social process that has important benefits for crime prevention. Policing is thought to be one antecedent to collective efficacy, but the mechanisms by which police activity and officer behaviour are thought to foster collective efficacy are not well understood. This article presents findings from a rapid evidence assessment conducted to take stock of the empirical research on policing and collective efficacy. Thirty-nine studies were identified and examined. Overall, trust in police was the aspect of policing most consistently associated with collective efficacy. There was also some evidence that community policing activities, such as visibility and community engagement, predicted collective efficacy. Police legitimacy, on the other hand, was relatively unrelated to collective efficacy: a finding which suggests perceptions of police linked to the ‘action’ of individual officers may be more enabling of collective efficacy than perceptions of the policing institution as a whole. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

SOME ISSUES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE POLICE

Полиция қызметінің сапасын арттыру бойынша жоспарланған іс-шаралар қарқын алуда. Ішкі істер органдарының жұртшылықпен өзара іс-қимыл жасасуында біршама өзгерістер бар. Құқық қорғау органдарының, оның ішіндегі, полиция органдарының қызметінің сапасын жақсартуға байланысты орын алып жатқан жаңғырту жұмыстары жалғасуда. Осымен сабақтас, кемшін тұстары да бар. Бұл мақалада осы кемшіліктердің орнын толтыру жолындағы авторлардың ұсыныстары мен уәждері келтіріледі. Плановые мероприятия по повышению качества деятельности полиции набирают обороты. Есть некоторые изменения во взаимодействии органов внутренних дел с общественностью. Набирает обороты проводимая модернизация, связанная с улучшением качества деятельности правоохранительных органов, в том числе органов полиции. Вместе с этим имеются определенные недостатки, которые нашли отражение в данной статье, где авторамиприводятся рекомендации и мотивы на пути к восполнению этих недостатков. Planned measures to improve the quality of police activity are gaining momentum. There are some changes in the interaction of the internal affairs bodies with the public. The ongoing modernization related to improving the quality of law enforcement agencies, including the police, is gaining momentum. Along with this, there are also disadvantages. This article presents the recommendations and motivations of the authors on the way to make up for these shortcomings.