«I often thought if it could not be dissolved, it could only with life be extirpated»: a translemic analysis and Spanish translation of Frances Burney’s Letter from Frances Burney to her sister Esther about her mastectomy without anaesthetic, 1812

Frances Burney (1752-1840) was one of the most influential eighteenth-century British novelists. Apart from the novel, Burney also cultivated the theatre and she wrote texts of a marked political nature on the French Revolution, a fact that is not so well– known by the general public. This article is inscribed within the framework of gender studies and the so-called Burney Studies and aims to analyze Letter from Frances Burney to Her Sister Esther About her Mastectomy Without Anaesthetic, 1812. By its subject, the document is an account of current interest for both medicine and feminism. Here Letter Here Letter is studied from the perspective of translation studies, specifically taking Itamar Even-Zohar’s theory of literary polisystems and various translation strategies as a methodological reference. We will examine the configuration of the key elements of Even-Zohar’s approach and various translation strategies as a methodological reference in this text which we will approach translation studies as a pathography, insisting on the identification between female subject and writing, Burney’s courage in confronting the disease and the particular relationship she establishes with the participants in the story and the impact that disease has on those around and helping her. Finally, the Spanish translation of Letter is offered, so Spanish-speaking readers have access to this document recently digitized by The British Library. Letter is a chronicle of pain, but also of courage and a real lesson in the intimate relationship between women and writing that was always so important to Burney. This study also means a re-vision of the writer that is far from what we could have until now.

A Theory of Privacy as Rules

Target Corporation’s famous use of big data to predict which of its customers were pregnant involved a potent cocktail of behavioral science and data science to influence customers’ behavior without their knowledge. In Target’s case, it sent coupons to pregnant women so as to habituate them into becoming long-term Target customers. Its real lesson is that human information confers the power to control human behavior. Rather than thinking principally about defining privacy, we should think about regulating to protect people from the power that human information confers. This conclusion has four important implications. First, it reveals that privacy is fundamentally about power—power over human beings in society. Second, struggles over “privacy” are really struggles over the rules that constrain the power that human information confers. Third, privacy rules of some sort are inevitable. Fourth, privacy should be thought of in instrumental terms to promote human values.

Simulation the Natural Living Structural Systems to Achieve Sustained Architecture

Architectural and ecological development model can be identified by studying genetic evolution of living beings and their surrounding environment, which makes every one of them complement the other, an integral part of it, and the basis of its existence. Architects started to get back to nature to look for the keys for building sustainability, because elements of nature are a creative, rich, and useful source of inspiration and learning for architects and designers to present sustainable designs. Getting inspired by or simulating living forms should not lead to making exact copies of them. The real lesson is to benefit from the substantial idea and the basis of the natural system composing it. This leads us to the problem of the present study: There are no enough local studies on the importance and role of living nature simulation in terms of shape, composition, and structural systems to create sustainable systems. Hypothesis of the study is: the harmony shown by natural, organic structures resulting from the integration of shape with structural function can be employed in architecture shapes and structures by merging shape and function in a symbiotic relationship resembling to a great extent biological , genetic development in their re-formations appearing in natural organic structures. Aim of the study: Discovering formational and environmental constraints of elements of nature and emerging with applied indications in the field of constructional systems simulation of living nature and the possibility of transferring them to accomplish sustainable architecture. The results and conclusions shows the need , importance and effectiveness of Simulation the Natural Living Structural Systems to Achieve sustained Architecture ,and the integration of technical solutions to create a balance between the natural environment and the manufacturers and energy exploitation, and the adoption of passive systems and merged with the systems design, integration between nature and technology. Finally we got that the final conclusions and practical framework and recommendations.

The History of Philosophy Reveals that ‘Great’ Philosophy is Disguised Moral Advocacy: A Nietzschean Case against the Socratic Canon in Philosophy

Instrumentalists think the history of philosophy is as relevant to philosophy as the history of physics is to physics: if past philosophical or physical theories are true, or help us get to the truth, then we should know about them, otherwise not. Sceptical instrumentalists (such as Carnap and Quine) think history fails on these counts, optimistic instrumentalists think it does not. By contrast ‘anti-philosophical’ instrumentalists—such as Marx, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein—are not simply sceptics, because the sceptics still believe there is something for philosophy to do, some knowledge it can produce, some truths it can reveal. The anti-philosophical philosophers think we should give up philosophy as traditionally conceived: the real lesson from the history of philosophy in the Socratic canon is that philosophy is ‘garbage’, or, as Nietzsche thought, disguised moral advocacy. For Nietzsche, this is the real lesson of the history of philosophy.

A Study on the Practice of Applying Scaffolding Theory to the Teaching of Subjunctive Mood

<p>This study intends to apply scaffolding theory to the teaching of English subjunctive mood in senior high schools. After reviewing the researches about scaffolding theory and some studies related to English grammar teaching, the author puts forward a real lesson plan for subjunctive mood teaching, which includes the analysis of teaching material, teaching aims, teaching key point and difficult points, teaching method and the most important, teaching procedures. During the teaching procedures, the author tries to analyze every step, namely, lead-in, presentation and observation, discovery, practice, production, summary and homework, and after-class reflection, from the perspective of scaffoldings the teacher has given to students. The final finding shows that scaffolding can stimulate students’ interest in learning, and improve their ability of independent and cooperative learning. On the whole, the practice of applying scaffolding theory can be encouraged in English grammar teaching.</p>