FOUR NEW SPECIES OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIUM FROM ANTARCTIC REGIONS, WITH NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOSPORIC FUNGI IN THE ANTARCTIC MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Recognizing the recency of establishment of the conservation principles in Article II of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and that no current analysis can be definitive or should pretend to be, the following preliminary conclusions stem from this paper:1. The three principles of Article II of the Convention should be read as complementary guides in pursuing the overall goal of preserving the natural marine ecosystems of the Antarctic while also allowing some degree of harvest.2. Sound implementation of the principles requires subdivision of the Convention area. The six baleen whale Areas designated by the International Whaling Commission are one possibility, but poorly justified ecologically. Priority should be given to identifying geographic divisions that rest upon a more sound and more finely-constructed ecological foundation.3. Management indicator species and depleted species should be identified as soon as possible, and sampled periodically for appropriate life-history statistics in each agreed-upon subdivision of the Antarctic marine complex of ecosystems. The statistics appropriate for such monitoring are likely to vary with different species, and should generally be those parameters that are least sensitive to environmental fluctuations in general and most sensitive to changes in resource availability.4. A substantial portion of each ecologically differentiated area should be completely protected from harvest and associated activities.5. Harvest effort in portions of such areas open to exploitation should be regulated differentially, in order to facilitate assessment of the effects of harvest pursuant to an agreed-upon experimental design.6. Harvest of krill and other species should be so regulated in any open area that the harvest is consistent with the maintenance or restoration of the harvested species, indicator species, and depleted species to levels of greatest net annual increment or above, defined with respect to initial population size.7. Article II's principle of reversibility should address adaptive change resulting from artificial selection as well as ecological change. A methodology for correlating harvest practices with rates of reversal of the effects of harvest should be developed for harvested species, indicator species, and depleted species. No alien species should be introduced into Antarctica unless its existence there can be easily terminated.8. As soon as possible, a limit should be placed on the allowable annual rate of increase of krill harvest by Man.9. Basic research on Antarctic marine ecosystems should be enhanced, even though the research may have no obvious application to stable recruitment or to reversibility of change.

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Epimeria vaderi, a New Species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Epimeriidae) from the Antarctic Ocean

Zoosystematics and Evolution ◽

10.1002/mmnz.4850740205 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 215-224

Author(s):

Charles Oliver Coleman

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Antarctic Ocean ◽

The Antarctic ◽

A New Species

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“Logrolling” in Antarctic governance: Limits and opportunities

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s003224742000039x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey McGee ◽

Bruno Arpi ◽

Andrew Jackson

Keyword(s):

Marine Protected Areas ◽

International Institutions ◽

Marine Resources ◽

International Governance ◽

Short Term ◽

Current Case ◽

Antarctic Marine ◽

Antarctic Treaty ◽

Kunlun Station ◽

The Antarctic

Abstract The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is considered a successful example of international governance as it has managed tensions over sovereignty claims, avoided militarisation and dealt with marine resources and environmental protection. Recently, China’s influence and assertiveness in many international institutions have significantly grown. What effect this shift in the international politics will have upon Antarctic governance remains to be seen. However, to further thinking on this issue we explore two current case studies that reveal pressure points within the ATS. First, in the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Australia has proposed marine protected areas off East Antarctica, to which China and several other states have objected. Second, in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, China has proposed special management arrangements for the area around the “Kunlun” station, to which Australia and several other states have objected. Negotiation theory suggests “logrolling” (i.e. trade of mutual decision-making support across issue areas) can be an effective strategy to avoid diplomatic deadlocks. We therefore consider the merits of a logrolling strategy for the above issues. We find that while a logrolling strategy in the ATS might facilitate short-term diplomatic success, it would carry significant risks, including the weakening of existing norms.

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The summer diet of demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102097000527 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 407-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Masanori Takahashi ◽

Tetsuo Iwami

Keyword(s):

Marine Ecosystem ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Demersal Fish ◽

South Shetland Islands ◽

Fish Prey ◽

Shetland Islands ◽

Antarctic Marine ◽

Dietary Component ◽

Gobionotothen Gibberifrons ◽

The Antarctic

The stomach contents of demersal fish in late January 1982 were analysed. Samples were taken at 100, 300 and 500 m depth south of Elephant Island, Bransfield Strait and north of Livingston Island, and at 800 m to the east of Smith Island. Fifty four taxa of fish belonging to 11 families were collected. The diets of 2101 fish representing 38 taxa were examined. These were classified into three categories, fish feeders, krill feeders and benthos feeders. Fish prey species fed on krill and/or benthos. Krill was a major dietary component for 32 (84.2%) out of 38 taxa. Gobionotothen gibberifrons was distributed at all 10 stations (100–800 m in depth) and its diet comprised krill and benthos. The present findings verify the importance of krill in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and indicate that krill is consumed by benthic fish at greater depths than previously reported.

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Esterase activities in the bivalve mollusc Adamussium colbecki as a biomarker for pollution monitoring in the Antarctic marine environment

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.033 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 49 (5-6) ◽

pp. 445-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Stefano Bonacci ◽

Mark A. Browne ◽

Awantha Dissanayake ◽

Josephine A. Hagger ◽

Ilaria Corsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Bivalve Mollusc ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Antarctic Marine ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Esterase Activities ◽

Adamussium Colbecki

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Soil tardigrades from the Antarctic Peninsula with a description of a new species and some remarks on the genusRamajendas(Eutardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247413000168 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 176-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽

Karel Janko ◽

Jerzy Smykla ◽

Łukasz Michalczyk

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Antarctic Continent ◽

Fourth Species ◽

The Antarctic ◽

A New Species ◽

Mixed Samples ◽

Hypsibius Dujardini

ABSTRACTIn thirteen (mostly soil) mixed samples, collected from nine localities on the Antarctic continent and some of the neighbouring islands, 788 specimens and 32 eggs of tardigrades were found. In total, five species were identified:Acutuncus antarcticus, Echiniscus jenningsi,Diphascon(D.)victoriae,Hypsibius dujardiniandRamajendas dastychisp. nov.A. antarcticuswas the most abundant (nearly 90% of all specimens) and was the prevailing taxon found in the majority of locations.R. dastychisp. nov. is the fourth species described in the exclusively Antarctic/sub-Antarctic genus. The new species differs from all other congeners by the presence of four gibbosities on the caudo-dorsal cuticle (configuration II:2–2) and also by some morphometric characters. In this paper we also briefly discuss the taxonomy and zoogeography of the genusRamajendas.

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Anti-biofilm activity of the Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125

Research in Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.resmic.2013.01.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 164 (5) ◽

pp. 450-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Rosanna Papa ◽

Ermenegilda Parrilli ◽

Filomena Sannino ◽

Gaetano Barbato ◽

Maria Luisa Tutino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Bacterium ◽

Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis ◽

Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis Tac125 ◽

Antarctic Marine ◽

The Antarctic

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Molecular systematics of Thouarella (Octocorallia:Primnoidae) with the description of three new species from the Southern Ocean based on combined molecular and morphological evidence

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is20078 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mónica Núñez-Flores ◽

Daniel Gomez-Uchida ◽

Pablo J. López-González

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Southern Ocean ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Weddell Sea ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

Three New Species ◽

Taxonomic Framework ◽

The Antarctic

Thouarella Gray, 1870, is one of the most speciose genera among gorgonians of the family Primnoidae (Cnidaria:Octocorallia:Anthozoa), being remarkably diverse in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seafloor. However, their diversity in the Southern Ocean is likely underestimated. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were integrated with species delimitation approaches as well as morphological colonial and polyps features and skeletal SEM examinations to describe and illustrate three new species within Thouarella, from the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean: T. amundseni sp. nov., T. dolichoespinosa sp. nov. and T. pseudoislai sp. nov. Our species delimitation results suggest, for the first time, the potential presence of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic cryptic species of primnoids, based on the likely presence of sibling species within T. undulata and T. crenelata. With the three new species here described, the global diversity of Thouarella has increased to 41 species, 15 of which are endemic to the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. Consequently, our results provide new steps for uncovering the shelf benthonic macrofauna’s hidden diversity in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we recommend using an integrative taxonomic framework in this group of organisms and species delimitation approaches because the distinctions between some Thouarella species based only on a superficial examination of their macro- and micromorphological features is, in many cases, limited.

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