Swimming Pool Water Treatment

1940 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Herbert L. White
2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bataller ◽  
E. Veliz ◽  
R. Pérez-Rey ◽  
L. A. Fernández ◽  
M. Gutierrez ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Edyta KUDLEK ◽  
Anna LEMPART ◽  
Mariusz DUDZIAK ◽  
Marta BUJAK

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Uhl ◽  
C. Hartmann

For swimming pools, it is generally agreed that free chlorine levels have to be maintained to guarantee adequate disinfection. Recommended free chlorine levels can vary between 0.3 and 0.6mg/L in Germany and up to 3mg/L in other countries. Bathers introduce considerable amounts of organic matter, mainly in the form of such as urine and sweat, into the pool water. As a consequence, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed. Regulations in Germany recommend levels of combined chlorine of less than 0.2mg/L and levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) of less than 20μg/L. Haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), chloropicrin and chloral hydrate are also detected in considerable amounts. However, these compounds are not regulated yet. Swimming pool staff and swimmers, especially athletes, are primarily exposed to these byproducts by inhalation and/or dermal uptake. In Germany, new regulations for swimming pool water treatment generally require the use of activated carbon. In this project, three different types of granular activated carbon (GAC) (one standard GAC, two catalytic GACs) are compared for their long time behaviour in pool water treatment. In a pilot plant operated with real swimming pool water, production and removal of disinfection byproducts (THMs, HAAs, AOXs), of biodegradable substances (AOC), of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, coliforms, HPC) as well as the removal of chlorine and chloramines are monitored as function of GAC bed depth. Combined chlorine penetrates deeper in the filter bed than free chlorine does. However, both, free and combined chlorine removal efficiencies decrease over the time of filter operation. The decreases of removal efficiencies are also observed for parameters such as dissolved organic carbon, spectral absorption coefficient, adsorbable organic carbon and most of the disinfection byproducts. However, THMs, especially chloroform are produced in the filter bed. The GAC beds were contaminated microbially, especially with P. aeruginosa. The contamination was not removable by backwashing with chlorine concentrations up to 2mg/l free chlorine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Anna Lempart-Rapacewicz ◽  
Edyta Kudlek ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak ◽  
Marta Dyrała

The study assessed unfavorable phenomena occurring in swimming pool water, including the occurrence of organic micropollutants in swimming pools and the transformation of these compounds during the swimming pool water treatment processes. The presence of three selected compounds was examined from the personal care products group (PCP) in pool water samples, collected in 2018 and 2019, from fifteen pools characterized using three different solutions of swimming pool water treatment systems. In addition, experimental studies on the effects of UV radiation and ozone on selected organic micropollutants, previously identified in swimming pools and the relationship between swimming pool water turbidity and the concentration of the selected PCP micropollutants, were carried out


2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Mariusz Dudziak ◽  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot ◽  
Edyta Łaskawiec

Recent reports in the literature relate to the identification of various substances in the pool water, including low-molecular weight pharmaceuticals that can react with chlorine residues contributing to the formation of a large group of irritant and toxic compounds. These substances are not covered by standard monitoring. As part of this work, the authors present information on the methods for assessing the quality of the swimming pool water. Common processes used in swimming pool water treatment systems were described. Previous experience of the authors in the use of a detailed assessment of the quality of the swimming pool water on the basis of toxicity tests was presented. The authors have researched the application of pressure driven membrane filtration for the improvement of the efficiency of the swimming pool water treatment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Łaskawiec ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak ◽  
Marta Madej ◽  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. J. Powick

A brief history of the development of swimming pool water treatment and management has been discussed, applicable to both large and small pools. An outline of typical bathing loads and current methods of water treatment has been presented with particular emphasis being given to disinfection. Chlorine has been the traditional sole disinfectant used since the 1920's but alternatives are continually being sought. Chief amongst the alternatives to date has been ozone, used in conjunction with chlorine. Ozone acts as a powerful oxidiser and disinfectant but has little residual effect. Chlorine is therefore used to provide a residual in the pool. Current British trends in pool design and treatment have been noted.


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