free chlorine
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Author(s):  
Nathalie Guigues ◽  
Julien Chabrol ◽  
Pierre Lavaud ◽  
Sandrine Raveau ◽  
Jérémie Magar ◽  
...  
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Author(s):  
Ranadip Goswami ◽  
Balasaheb D. Bankar ◽  
SONAL RAJPUT ◽  
Nilanjan Seal ◽  
Renjith S. Pillai ◽  
...  

Combining the merits of structural diversity, and purposeful implantation of task-specific functionalities, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) instigate targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and concurrent detoxification via self-calibrated emission modulation. Then...


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3616
Author(s):  
Kamilla M. S. Kaarsholm ◽  
Argyro Kokkoli ◽  
Eleni Keliri ◽  
Paul D. Mines ◽  
Maria G. Antoniou ◽  
...  

Chlorine is a widely used disinfectant and oxidant used for an array of municipal and industrial applications, including potable water, swimming pools, and cleaning of membranes. The most popular method to verify the concentration of free chlorine is the colorimetric method based on DPD (N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine), which is fast and reasonably cheap, but DPD and its product are potentially toxic. Therefore, a novel, environmentally friendly colorimetric method for the quantification of residual chlorine based on the food additive pyridoxamine (4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol) was investigated. Pyridoxamine is a B6 vitamin with an absorption maximum at 324 nm and fluorescence emission at 396 nm. Pyridoxamine reacts rapidly and selectively with free chlorine, resulting in a linear decrease both in absorbance and in emission, giving therefore calibration curves with a negative slope. The pyridoxamine method was successfully applied for the quantification of free chlorine from 0.2 to 250 mg/L. Using 1 cm cuvettes, the limit of quantification was 0.12 mg Cl2/L. The pyridoxamine and the DPD methods were applied to actual environmental samples, and the deviation between results was between 4% and 9%. While pyridoxamine does not react with chloramine, quantification of monochloramine was possible when iodide was added, but the reaction is unfavourably slow.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chamteut Oh ◽  
Ratul Chowdhury ◽  
Laxmicharan Samineni ◽  
Joanna L Shisler ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
...  

AbstractProper disinfection of harvested food and water is critical to minimize infectious disease. Grape seed extract (GSE), a commonly used health supplement, is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols. Polyphenols possess anti-microbial and -fungal properties, but anti-viral effects are not well-known. Here we show that GSE outperformed chemical disinfectants (e.g., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. GSE induced virus aggregation, an event that correlated with a decrease in virus titers. This aggregation and disinfection was not reversible. Molecular docking simulations indicate that polyphenols potentially formed hydrogen bonds and strong hydrophobic interactions with specific residues in viral capsid proteins. Together, these data suggest that polyphenols physically associate with viral capsid proteins to aggregate viruses as a means to inhibit virus entry into the host cell. Plant-based polyphenols like GSE are an attractive alternative to chemical disinfectants to remove infectious viruses from water or food.ImportanceHuman noroviruses are major food- and water-borne pathogens, causing approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis cases in developing and developed countries. Proper sanitation or disinfection are critical strategies to minimize human norovirus-caused disease until a reliable vaccine is created. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols that is used as a health supplement. Polyphenols are known for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities, but antiviral effects are not well-known. In studies here, plant-derived polyphenols outperformed chemical disinfectants (e.g., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. Based on data from additional molecular assays and molecular docking simulations, the current model is that the polyphenols in GSE bind to the Tulane virus capsid, an event that triggers virion aggregation. It is thought that this aggregation prevents Tulane virus from entering host cells.


Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 133378
Author(s):  
Yiya Wei ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Baiyang Chen ◽  
Bingcheng Yang

2021 ◽  
pp. 128193
Author(s):  
Qi Guo ◽  
Hongjie Song ◽  
Mingxia Sun ◽  
Xiaohan Yuan ◽  
Yingying Su ◽  
...  

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