Indapamide: Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutic Efficacy in Hypertension, and Adverse Effects

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2P1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
William J. Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy

scholarly journals Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: a clinical pharmacology narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-45
Author(s):  
Instiaty ◽  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Sri Darmayani ◽  
Jefman Efendi Marzuki ◽  
Ferina Angelia ◽  
William ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Investigational Drug ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Potential Benefits

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in China, has become a pandemic in March 2020. Repurposing old and relatively safe drugs becomes an advantageous option to obtain the urgently needed effective treatment. Repurposing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, andfavipiravir, and the use of investigational drug remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19, are reviewed from the clinical pharmacology perspective, particularly its efficacy and safety. Limited clinical studies of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and remdesivir showed some efficacy in COVID-19 treatment with tolerable adverse effects. Potential serious adverse effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is cardiac arrhythmia. Oseltamivir has no documented activity against SARS-CoV-2, while lopinavir/ritonavir showed limited efficacy in COVID-19. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. The decision to use these drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic must be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the patient.

Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 4. Adverse effects. Choosing a β-adrenoreceptor blocker

1979 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Frishman ◽  
Ralph Silverman ◽  
Joel Strom ◽  
Uri Elkayam ◽  
Edmund Sonnenblick
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

Relationship of steady-state serum concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone to therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Falik ◽  
Belinda T. Flores ◽  
Leslie Shaw ◽  
Gene A. Gibson ◽  
Mark E. Josephson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Steady State Serum ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Nanoparticles That Result in Improved Cancer Targeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Zein ◽  
Wissam Sharrouf ◽  
Kim Selting
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cancer Targeting ◽  
Drug Penetration ◽  
Charge Shape ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The therapeutic efficacy of drugs is dependent upon the ability of a drug to reach its target, and drug penetration into tumors is limited by abnormal vasculature and high interstitial pressure. Chemotherapy is the most common systemic treatment for cancer but can cause undesirable adverse effects, including toxicity to the bone marrow and gastrointestinal system. Therefore, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to reduce the adverse effects of traditional chemotherapy by enhancing the penetration and selective drug retention in tumor tissues. A thorough knowledge of the physical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, shape, and mechanical strength) and chemical attributes of nanoparticles is crucial to facilitate the application of nanotechnology to biomedical applications. This review provides a summary of how the attributes of nanoparticles can be exploited to improve therapeutic efficacy. An ideal nanoparticle is proposed at the end of this review in order to guide future development of nanoparticles for improved drug targeting in vivo.

Metformin: A review of its therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 100186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura T. Shurrab ◽  
El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy

Drug information

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dickman ◽  
Jennifer Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Stability Data ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Exhaustive List

This chapter provides a concise summary of pertinent information for 37 drugs that are administered by CSCI. Each monograph includes information relating to clinical pharmacology, indications, adverse effects, doses, drug interactions, and an exhaustive list of compatibility and stability data. Opioid equianalgesia is discussed because several opioids are used in palliative care and it is often necessary to either change the drug or route of administration as a patient’s condition changes.

Citalopram in the Treatment of Depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole G Parker ◽  
Candace S Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Adverse Effect Profile ◽  
English Language Literature ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Language Literature

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and safety of citalopram in the treatment of depression. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search (1966–April 2000), Current Contents search, additional references listed in articles, and unpublished data obtained from the manufacturer were used to identify data from scientific literature. Studies evaluating citalopram (i.e., abstracts, clinical trials, data on file with the manufacturer) were considered for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION: English-language literature was reviewed to evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and adverse effects of citalopram. DATA EXTRACTION: Controlled animal and human clinical studies published in the English-language literature were reviewed and evaluated. Clinical trials selected for inclusion were limited to those in human subjects and included data from animals if human data were not available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Citalopram is an antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) available for the treatment of depression. Citalopram offers therapeutic efficacy similar to that of the other SSRIs and a more favorable adverse effect profile than that of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Citalopram does not cause anticholinergic or cardiovascular adverse effects associated with the TCAs. Citalopram is the most selective SSRI and, unlike other SSRIs, seems to be relatively free of interaction mediated by the cytochrome P450 system. Citalopram is also the least expensive antidepressant available to date. This review of citalopram includes data from clinical trials comparing safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomics with TCAs and SSRIs. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials demonstrate that citalopram's therapeutic efficacy is significantly greater than that of placebo and is comparable with that of other antidepressants. Citalopram has a favorable adverse effect profile, and thus may be useful in treating depressed patients who cannot tolerate anticholinergic or cardiovascular adverse effects associated with TCAs. It may also be useful in patients with comorbid illnesses requiring concomitant medicines.

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