Plastics Additives: Asia Driving Demand Growth and Increased Competition

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-6
1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui

The paper aims at testing the validity of Engel's law with data on Pakistan. Consumption functions for urban and rural areas have been estimated separately. These functions are shown to be determined by total expenditure and household size. Engel's law is confirmed for some commodity groups but not for all. Following tests of urban-rural homogeneity and of stability of urban and rural consumption functions, demand growth rates for different food and non-food items have been calculated, assuming different growth rates of total expenditure and household size.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Fahad Alismail ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdulgalil ◽  
Muhammad Khalid

Since renewable power is intermittent and uncertain, modern grid systems need to be more elegant to provide a reliable, affordable, and sustainable power supply. This paper introduces a robust optimal planning strategy to find the location and the size of an energy storage system (ESS) and feeders. It aims to accommodate the wind power energy integration to serve the future demand growth under uncertainties. The methodology was tested in the IEEE RTS-96 system and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal sizing strategy. The findings validate the improvements in the power system reliability and flexibility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Paul Trotman

In 2020, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade saw a modest increase of 1%, which is in contrast to the strong growth of previous years. Recently, the global LNG trade has picked up following the easing of impacts from the pandemic and demand growth in Asia. An increase of 6% in the global LNG trade is expected in 2021 and 2022. Domestic demand for gas remains high, with gas being used both for residential supply and also as an essential feedstock for the manufacturing industry. With a projected domestic gas shortfall, the future exploration and development of oil and gas will play a key role in ensuring access to secure, reliable and affordable energy in the future as well as assisting economic recovery from the pandemic. The importance of remaining an attractive investment destination is essential. Our challenge is to not only strike the balance of being agile and adaptive to market disruptions but also provide robust policy and regulatory frameworks to underpin future investment in the sector. Against this backdrop, this paper provides details of the 2021 offshore petroleum exploration acreage release and information about the ongoing policy work of the department.


2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Krishna Dutt
Keyword(s):  

Memorias ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Johnny Valencia ◽  
Gerard Olivar ◽  
Johan Manuel Redondo ◽  
Danny Ibarra Vega ◽  
Carlos Peña Rincón

In this paper, we show the preliminary results in a proposed a model for the supply and demand of electricity in a domestic market based on system dynamics. Additionally, the model indicates piecewise smooth differential equations arising from the diagram of flows and levels, using dynamical systems theory for the study of the stability of the equilibrium points that have such a system. A bifurcation analysis approach is proposed to define and understand the complex behavior. Until now, no work has been reported related to this topic using bifurcations criteria. The growing interest in personal ways of self-generation using renewable sources can lead the national grid to a standstill and low investment in the system. However, it is essential to preserve the national network as a power supply support to domestic and enterprise demand. To understand this scenario, we include an analysis of zero-rate demand growth. Under this hypothesis, a none smooth bifurcation appears related to a policy which involves the variation of the capacity charge. As a first significant result, we found that it is possible to preserve the investments in the market since, through the capacity charge parameter, the system dynamics can be controlled. Then, from a business approach, it is necessary to know the effects of the capacity charge as the strategic policy in the system generation price scheme.


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