Definition of a Data Model to support Risk Analysis in the frame of Critical Infrastructures protection

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (s1) ◽  
pp. 528-542
Author(s):  
Lucio Tirone ◽  
Claudio Calisti Tassini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Definition Of

The Role of Risk Analysis in the Protection of Critical Infrastructures Against Terrorism

Risk Analysis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacov Y. Haimes ◽  
Thomas Longstaff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Critical Infrastructures

Data Base Requirements for Concurrent Design Systems

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranko Vujosevic ◽  
Andrew Kusiak
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Concurrent Design ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Truth Maintenance ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The data base requirements for concurrent design systems are discussed. An object-oriented data base, which allows for definition of complex objects, specification of relationships between objects, and modular expandability without affecting the existing information is defined. The data base is developed based on the object-oriented data model implemented in Smalltalk-80. An assumption-based truth maintenance system for maintaining the dependency relationships between design and manufacturing information is described.

scholarly journals LINKING INTERACTIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR URBAN PLANNING WITH A SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4 ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Schüler ◽  
G. Agugiaro ◽  
S. Cajot ◽  
F. Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Interactive Optimization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
City Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Context Specific

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The cities in which we live are constantly evolving. The active management of this evolution is referred to as urban planning. The according development process could go in many directions resulting in a large number of potential future scenarios of a city. The planning support system URB<sup>io</sup> adopts interactive optimization to assist urban planners in generating and exploring those various scenarios. As a computer-based system it needs to be able to efficiently handle all underlying data of this exploration process, which includes both methodology-specific and context-specific information. This article describes the work carried out to link URB<sup>io</sup> with a semantic city model. Therefore, two key requirements were identified and implemented: (a) the extension of the CityGML data model to cope with many scenarios by the proposition of the Scenario Application Domain Extension (ADE) and (b) the definition of a data model for interactive optimization. Classes and features of the developed data models are motivated, depicted and explained. Their usability is demonstrated by walking through a typical workflow of URB<sup>io</sup> and laying out the induced data flows. The article is concluded with stating further potential applications of both the Scenario ADE and the data model for interactive optimization.</p>

scholarly journals Adjustment of Maintenance Approach for Improved Operability and Safety of Ship Navigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Ante Bukša ◽  
Ivica Šegulja ◽  
Vinko Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Risk Criterion ◽  
Ship Navigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Navigation Safety

By adjusting the maintenance approach towards the significant components of ship’s engines and equipment, through the use of operational data from the ship machinery’s daily reports, higher operability and navigation safety can be achieved. The proposed maintenance adjustment model consists of an operation data analysis and risk analysis. The risk analysis comprises the definition of the upper and the lower risk criterion, as well as the definition of a risk index. If the risk index is higher than the lower risk criterion, the component is significant, while it is not significant and has an acceptable risk index if the risk index is lower than the lower risk criterion. For each significant component with a risk index found to be “unacceptable” or “undesirable”, an efficient maintenance policy needs to be adopted. The assessment of the proposed model is based on data regarding the power engine original operation throughout a 13-year period. The results of engine failure examinations reveal that the exhaust valve is the most vulnerable component with the highest rate of failure. For this reason the proposed model of adjusting the maintenance approach has been tested on the exhaust valve sample. It is suggested that the efforts to achieve higher ship operability and navigation safety should go in the direction of periodical adjustments of the maintenance approach i.e. choosing an efficient maintenance policy by reducing the risk indices of the significant engine components. KEY WORDS: maintenance adjustment approach, risk analysis, risk index, lower risk criterion, upper risk criterion, significant components, ship navigation

scholarly journals Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1955-1969
Author(s):  
Chiara Arrighi ◽  
Maria Pregnolato ◽  
Fabio Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
The Road ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Abstract. Floods are one of the most frequent and damaging natural threats worldwide. Whereas the assessment of direct impacts is well advanced, the evaluation of indirect impacts is less frequently achieved. Indirect impacts are not due to the physical contact with flood water but result, for example, from the reduced performance of infrastructures. Linear critical infrastructures (such as roads and pipes) have an interconnected nature that may lead to failure propagation, so that impacts extend far beyond the inundated areas and/or period. This work presents the risk analysis of two linear infrastructure systems, i.e. the water distribution system (WSS) and the road network system. The evaluation of indirect flood impacts on the two networks is carried out for four flooding scenarios, obtained by a coupled 1D–quasi-2D hydraulic model. Two methods are used for assessing the impacts on the WSS and on the road network: a pressure-driven demand network model and a transport network disruption model respectively. The analysis is focused on the identification of (i) common impact metrics, (ii) vulnerable elements exposed to the flood, (iii) similarities and differences of the methodological aspects for the two networks, and (iv) risks due to systemic interdependency. The study presents an application to the metropolitan area of Florence (Italy). When interdependencies are accounted for, results showed that the risk to the WSS in terms of population equivalent (PE/year) can be reduced by 71.5 % and 41.8 %, if timely repairs to the WSS stations are accomplished by 60 and 120 min respectively; the risk to WSS in terms of pipe length (km yr−1) reduces by 53.1 % and 15.6 %. The study highlights that resilience is enhanced by systemic risk-informed planning, which ensures timely interventions on critical infrastructures; however, for indirect impacts and cascade effects, temporal and spatial scales are difficult to define. Perspective research could further improve this work by applying a system-risk analysis to multiple urban infrastructures.

Conceptualization of a Critical Infrastructure Network – Model for Flood Risk Assessments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Schotten ◽  
Daniel Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Flood Exposure ◽  
Infrastructure Network ◽  
Flood Risk Analysis ◽  
De Bruijn

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In flood risk analysis it is a key principle to predetermine consequences of flooding to assets, people and infrastructures. Damages to critical infrastructures are not restricted to the flooded area. The effects of directly affected objects cascades to other infrastructures, which are not directly affected by a flood. Modelling critical infrastructure networks is one possible answer to the question &amp;#8216;how to include indirect and direct impacts to critical infrastructures?&amp;#8217;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Critical infrastructures are connected in very complex networks. The modelling of those networks has been a basis for different purposes (Ouyang, 2014). Thus, it is a challenge to determine the right method to model a critical infrastructure network. For this example, a network-based and topology-based method will be applied (Pant et al., 2018). The basic model elements are points, connectors and polygons which are utilized to resemble the critical infrastructure network characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The objective of this model is to complement the state-of-the-art flood risk analysis with a quantitative analysis of critical infrastructure damages and disruptions for people and infrastructures. These results deliver an extended basis to differentiate the flood risk assessment and to derive measures for flood risk mitigation strategies. From a technical point of view, a critical infrastructure damage analysis will be integrated into the tool ProMaIDes (Bachmann, 2020), a free software for a risk-based evaluation of flood risk mitigation measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The data on critical infrastructure cascades and their potential linkages is scars but necessary for an actionable modelling. The CIrcle method from Deltares delivers a method for a workshop that has proven to deliver applicable datasets for identifying and connecting infrastructures on basis of cascading effects (de Bruijn et al., 2019). The data gained from CIrcle workshops will be one compound for the critical infrastructure network model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgment: This work is part of the BMBF-IKARIM funded project PARADes (Participatory assessment of flood related disaster prevention and development of an adapted coping system in Ghana).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bachmann, D. (2020). ProMaIDeS - Knowledge Base. https://promaides.myjetbrains.com&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;de Bruijn, K. M., Maran, C., Zygnerski, M., Jurado, J., Burzel, A., Jeuken, C., &amp; Obeysekera, J. (2019). Flood resilience of critical infrastructure: Approach and method applied to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Water (Switzerland), 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030517&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ouyang, M. (2014). Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 121, 43&amp;#8211;60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.06.040&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pant, R., Thacker, S., Hall, J. W., Alderson, D., &amp; Barr, S. (2018). Critical infrastructure impact assessment due to flood exposure. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 11(1), 22&amp;#8211;33. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12288&lt;/p&gt;

Web Information Extraction via Web Views

2004 ◽  
pp. 227-267
Author(s):  
Wee Keong Ng ◽  
Zehua Liu ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Ee Peng Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Web Information Extraction ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

With the explosion of information on the Web, traditional ways of browsing and keyword searching of information over web pages no longer satisfy the demanding needs of web surfers. Web information extraction has emerged as an important research area that aims to automatically extract information from target web pages and convert them into a structured format for further processing. The main issues involved in the extraction process include: (1) the definition of a suitable extraction language; (2) the definition of a data model representing the web information source; (3) the generation of the data model, given a target source; and (4) the extraction and presentation of information according to a given data model. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges of these issues and the approaches that current research activities have taken to revolve these issues. We propose several classification schemes to classify existing approaches of information extraction from different perspectives. Among the existing works, we focus on the Wiccap system — a software system that enables ordinary end-users to obtain information of interest in a simple and efficient manner by constructing personalized web views of information sources.

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