In vitro characterization of a calcium sulfate/PLLA composite for use as a bone graft material

The material properties of nanocellulose (NC) can effectively enhance the structural stability of composite materials. However, the research related to NC/α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) composites is largely lacking. In this paper, we explore the combination of these two materials and determine their elaborate biological activities in vivo. Using α-CSH as the matrix, the composite bone graft materials were produced according to different proportions of NC. Then the mechanical strength of the composite bone graft was measured, and the results were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To conduct the material in vivo evaluation, 0% (CN0) and 0.75% (CN0.75) NC/α-CSH composite bone graft materials were implanted into a femoral condyle defect model. The results indicated that NC could significantly enhance the mechanical properties of α-CSH. The SEM analysis indicated that the NC shuttled between the crystal gaps and formed a three-dimensional network structure, which was firmly combined with the crystal structure. Meanwhile, the CN0.75 scaffold remained at 12 weeks postoperation, which provided a long-term framework for new bone formation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that, with a 0.75% NC/α-CSH composite demonstrating good potential as a bone graft material for clinical bone grafting.

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TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ELLAGIC ACID IN POMEGRANATE FRUIT AND HYDROXYAPATITE COMBINATION AS BONE GRAFT MATERIAL ON BHK-21 FIBROBLAST CELL

Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Agung Satria Wardhana ◽

Isyana Erlita ◽

Intan Nirwana ◽

Hendrik Setiabudi

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Control Group ◽

Graft Material ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Post Test

Background: Bone graft is an alternative therapy for periodontitis and other bone destructive lesions. Several studies had revealed Ellagic Acid (EA) ability in increasing osteogenesis process. EA contains polyphenols, such as Ellagitannin, Gallotannin, and Anthocyanin, which demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity as well as growth factor stimulating effect. EA combination with bone graft material (hydroxyapatite) is anticipated to enhance bone osteogenesis yet no investigation was performed to identify its toxicity towards fibroblast cell. Objective: To analyze EA toxicity on fibroblast cell in vitro. Methods: This was a true experimental study using post-test only with control group design. Fibroblast cell was exposed with EA in eight different concentrations: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Control group comprised of cell control and media group. All groups were exposed to MTT Assay test and measured using Elisa Reader. Result: The calculation of cell viability value in EA groups at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% concentration were 88.2%, 92.3%, 97.5%, 89.5%, 84.2%, 90.7%, 88.9% and 89.4% respectively. Conclusion: All EA and hydroxyapatite combinations are not toxic towards BHK-21 fibroblast cells.

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Timed-Release Calcium Sulfate Ceramic Nanocomposites as Bone Graft Substitutes

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.391 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 361-363 ◽

pp. 391-394

Author(s):

Sachin Mamidwar ◽

John Ricci ◽

Harold Alexander

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Graft Material ◽

Rapid Degradation ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Complete Degradation ◽

Bone Graft Substitutes

Pure calcium sulfate (CS) is an excellent bone graft material because it is biocompatible, completely biodegradable, osteoconductive, safe, nontoxic and angiogenic. It also has barrier properties. However, its rapid degradation limits its use as a bone graft material. A nanocomposite of CS and poly (l lactic acid) (PLLA) in a ratio of 96:4 was developed to overcome this problem. This composite underwent slower degradation. It took 16 weeks for complete degradation whereas pure CS takes only 4 weeks. When implanted in bone defects in rabbits, it underwent complete degradation and stimulated vigorous bone formation.

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Use of carbomethylcellulose to improve the mechanical and handling characteristics of calcium sulfate bone graft material

Proceedings of the Second Joint 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society] [Engineering in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1109/iembs.2002.1136887 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

K.N. Lewis ◽

M.V. Thomas ◽

D.A. Puleo

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Graft Material ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Handling Characteristics

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Fabrication of Injectable Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Material

Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition ◽

10.1163/092050609x12517190417678 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 1313-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yongqiang He ◽

Jianping Gao ◽

Xiulan Li ◽

Zhiqing Ma ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Graft Material ◽

Bone Graft Material

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Evaluation of hydroxyapatite (Periobone-G) as a bone graft material and calcium sulfate barrier (Capset) in treatment of interproximal vertical defects: A clinical and radiologic study

Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology ◽

10.4103/0972-124x.107483 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KL Vandana ◽

Sanjay Gupta

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Graft Material ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Radiologic Study

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Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Bone Graft Material in Oral and Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration: Classification and Summary for Better Application

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/3295756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yiping Liu ◽

Xiaolin Sun ◽

Jize Yu ◽

Jia Wang ◽

Peisong Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Ridge Preservation ◽

Graft Material ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Alveolar Ridge Preservation ◽

Autologous Platelet Concentrate ◽

New Type

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate that consists of cytokines, platelets, leukocytes, and circulating stem cells. It has been considered to be effective in bone regeneration and is mainly used for oral and maxillofacial bone. Although currently the use of PRF is thought to support alveolar ridge preservation, there is a lack of evidence regarding the application of PRF in osteogenesis. In this paper, we will provide examples of PRF application, and we will also summarize different measures to improve the properties of PRF for achieving better osteogenesis. The effect of PRF as a bone graft material on osteogenesis based on laboratory investigations, animal tests, and clinical evaluations is first reviewed here. In vitro, PRF was able to stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, mineralization, and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Preclinical and clinical trials suggested that PRF alone may have a limited effect. To enlighten researchers, modified PRF graft materials are further reviewed, including PRF combined with other bone graft materials, PRF combined with drugs, and a new-type PRF. Finally, we will summarize the common shortcomings in the application of PRF that probably lead to application failure. Future scientists should avoid or solve these problems to achieve better regeneration.

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Biomechanics of Calcium Sulfate-Sodium Hyaluronate Composite Bone Graft Materials in Treating Radius Fractures

Science of Advanced Materials ◽

10.1166/sam.2020.3773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1090-1098

Author(s):

Xuefeng Yang ◽

Shenglin Qiang ◽

Tian Liang ◽

Yonglong Jia ◽

Kewu Xu

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Finite Element Models ◽

Graft Material ◽

Radius Fractures ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Ct Data ◽

Stress Simulation ◽

Composite Bone

The composite bone graft materials were made of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and sodium hyaluronate (SH). The SH was in the form of solution, with a concentration of 850 kDa 0.1% v/w. The two materials were mixed in a ratio of 2 g:1 mL to obtain the first composite bone graft material Ca_Nw. Next, CaSO4 was mixed with SH-derivative (cross-linked SH) in a ratio of 2 g:1 mL to obtain the second composite bone graft material Ca_Cn. The experiment included 80 patients with ulna and radius nonunion, who were divided into 4 groups. The included patients were treated with Ca_Nw bone graft material, Ca_Cn bone graft material, autograft, and allograft. The computed tomography (CT) data, MIMICS software, and PRO/E software were utilized to construct the finite element models of AO-typing C-type distal radius fractures treated by different bone graft materials. The fixed constraints of radial and ulnar full degree of freedom (DOF) were set. The 120 N axial pressure was given on the forearm to compare the stress and fracture displacement. The results showed excellent stress simulation effects on two groups of patients treated by composite bone graft materials than those treated by autograft and allograft (P < 0.05).

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