handling characteristics
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Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
Camila Ramão Contessa ◽  
Nathieli Bastos de Souza ◽  
Guilherme Battú Gonçalo ◽  
Catarina Motta de Moura ◽  
Gabriela Silveira da Rosa ◽  
...  

In the search for new biodegradable materials and greater microbiological safety and stability of perishable food products, this study aimed to develop a bioplastic antibacterial film incorporating bacteriocin for application in commercial curd cheese and monitoring of microbiological stability. Films with good handling characteristics as well as physical, barrier, and mechanical properties were obtained. Regarding the antibacterial activity, the microbial reduction was demonstrated in a food matrix, obtaining a reduction of 3 logarithmic cycles for the group of coagulase positive staphylococci and from 1100 to <3.00 MPN/g in the analysis of thermotolerant coliforms. Therefore, the film presented food barrier characteristics with the external environment and adequate migration of the antibacterial compound to the product, contributing to the reduction of contamination of a food with high initial microbial load.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11644
Author(s):  
Nathaniel L. Leiby ◽  
Maxim J. Schlossberg

Low cost and favorable handling characteristics make urea (46-0-0) a leading nitrogen source for frequent, foliar N fertilization of golf course putting greens in season. Yet few field investigations of resulting NH3 volatilization from putting greens have been directed. Meanwhile, NH3 emissions degrade air and surface water quality. Our objective was to quantify NH3 volatilization following practical, low-N rate, and foliar application of commercial urea-N fertilizers. Over the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons in University Park, PA, USA, an industrial vacuum pump, H3BO3 scrubbing flasks, and sixteen dynamic flux chambers were employed in four unique experiments to measure NH3 volatilization from creeping bentgrass putting greens (Agrostis stolonifera L. ‘Penn G2’) in the 24 h period ensuing foliar application of urea based-N at a 7.32 or 9.76 kg/ha rate. Simultaneous and replicated flux chamber trapping efficiency trials showing 35% mean NH3 recovery were used to adjust NH3 volatilization rates from treated plots. Under the duration and conditions described, 3.1 to 8.0% of conventional urea N volatilized from the putting greens as NH3. Conversely, 0.7 to 1.1% of methylol urea liquid fertilizer (60% short-chain methylene urea) or 0.7 to 2.2% of urea complimented with dicyandiamide (DCD) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) volatilized as NH3.


2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110551
Author(s):  
Natarajan Sivanesan ◽  
Rameshbabu Venugopal ◽  
Ariharasudhan Subramanian

In this research work, the simultaneous effects of braided sutures made up of silk filament were studied with respect to parameters such as filament twist (0-6 Twist/inch), braiding angle (28.8°–34.8°) and braid structure (1/1, 1/2 and 2/2) on tensile strength, elongation, bending stiffness and friction were investigated by using response surface methodology. The influence of independent and dependent values has been studied using the categorical central composite design of experiments. The optimum conditions for enhanced handling characteristics of braided silk suture were 3.7 twist /inch of silk filament twist level, at a 28.8°braid angle, and a 1/2 braided structure. The handling characteristics of the suture can be enhanced by choosing suitable braiding parameters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 738-750
Author(s):  
Amit Gefen

Among the advanced wound dressing types, superabsorbent (SA) dressings form an important class of dressings, particularly for the management of medium to highly exuding wounds. However, SA dressings are not all made the same. This educational article describes distinct, common SA dressing designs, which differ fundamentally in structure and composition, and, thereby, in their exudate absorption function and clinical efficacy. The diverse design families of SA dressings, including dressings with an SA polymer-sheet core, versus dressings with an air laid core, where the SA polymer grains are embedded in fluff, relate to different manufacturing processes, production techniques and associated fabrication costs. These fundamental structural and material differences across SA dressing designs from different manufacturers naturally lead to wide variations in the fluid handling characteristics of the products, which are analysed here using both theoretical and experimental bioengineering laboratory approaches. This work is primarily aimed at promoting critical thinking among health professionals who should ask manufacturers to present relevant testing data for an informed clinical decision-making with regards to the choice of the safest and best performing SA dressing for each treated wound case.


Author(s):  
Mohd Arif Hussain

Abstract: Automotive chassis is an important part of an automobile. The chassis serves as a frame work for supporting the body and different parts of the automobile. The chassis frame has to withstand the stresses developed within a limit. Along with strength, an important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness for better handling characteristics. So, strength and stiffness are two important criteria for the design of the chassis. This work is aimed at work performed towards the static structural analysis of the automobile chassis in which study of the stresses developed and deformation of chassis frame of a truck has been done . The chassis is modelled in SolidWorks and finite element analysis has been done in ANSYS. a comparison of current conventional steel chassis structural Steel and Aluminum and CFRP chassis in terms of deflection and stresses must be made in order to select the best one. A discussion and analysis is also done which gives insight on various effects of unidirectional fiber orientations in the chassis on strength and stiffness. Keyword: ANSYS, SolidWorks, chassis, strength, stiffness, structural analysis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhen Wang ◽  
Yiming Cheng ◽  
Liangyao Yu

Abstract The driver model is an important link in the research of shared autonomy control. In order to simulate the driver’s handling characteristics in the complex human-vehicle-road closed-loop system, the driver model is required to accomplish the driving operation under specific working conditions. In this paper, a lateral-longitudinal combined racing driver model is designed. The lateral control model adopts the preview model with far and near viewpoints and the dynamic velocity controller is added into the longitudinal control model to obtain the expected speed of the target trajectory. Finally, the racing driver model proposed in this paper is validated through simulation on track conditions of FSAE. In the given conditions, the result shows the racing driver model outperforms the typical driver model in lateral path tracking and the speed of racing driver model is higher than typical model on straight and corners. Meanwhile, the representation of driving skills is a key step to enhance the adaptive control of vehicles in the future. The control parameters can be adjusted according to the driver’s skill information to make the vehicle control system adapt to the driver’s skill level. This paper introduces the method of driving skill recognition based on wavelet transform and Lipschitz singularity detection theory and the preliminary test results prove the feasibility of using this method to characterize the driver’s operating skill level.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049098
Author(s):  
Tristan Van Doormaal ◽  
Menno R Germans ◽  
Mariska Sie ◽  
Bart Brouwers ◽  
Andrew Carlson ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe dural sealant patch (DSP) is designed for watertight dural closure after cranial surgery. The goal of this study is to assess, for the first time, safety and performance of the DSP as a means of reducing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in patients undergoing elective cranial intradural surgery with a dural closure procedure.DesignFirst in human, open-label, single-arm, multicentre study with 360-day (12 months) follow-up.SettingThree large tertiary reference neurosurgical centres, two in the Netherlands and one in Switzerland.ParticipantsForty patients undergoing elective cranial neurosurgical procedures, stratified into 34 supratentorial and six infratentorial trepanations.InterventionEach patient received one DSP after cranial surgery and closure of the dura mater with sutures.Outcome measuresPrimary composite endpoint was occurrence of one of the following events: postoperative percutaneous CSF leakage, intraoperative leakage at 20 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure or postoperative wound infection. Overall success was defined as achieving the primary endpoint in no more than two patients. Secondary endpoints were device-related serious adverse events or adverse events (AEs), pseudomeningocele and thickness of dura+DSP. Additional endpoints were reoperation in 30 days and user satisfaction.ResultsNo patients met the primary endpoint. No device-related (serious) AEs were observed. There were two incidences of self-limiting pseudomeningocele as confirmed on MRI. Thickness of dura and DSP were (mean±SD) 3.5 mm±2.0 at day 7 and 2.1 mm±1.2 at day 90. No patients were reoperated within 30 days. Users reported a satisfactory design and intuitive application.ConclusionsDSP, later officially named Liqoseal, is a safe and potentially efficacious device for reducing CSF leakage after intracranial surgery, with favourable clinical handling characteristics. A randomised controlled trial is needed to assess Liqoseal efficacy against the best current practice for reducing postoperative CSF leakage.Trial registration numberNCT03566602.


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