Abstract
Introduction
At this moment, limited number of studies is defining normal reference value of three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE)-derived left ventricular (LV) strains. The present study aimed to quantify normal reference values of LV strains in healthy adult population in real clinical world settings in different age groups and to determine age- and gender-dependence of these parameters in a high volume single centre.
Methods
The present study comprised 296 healthy adult subjects from which 124 cases were excluded due to inferior image quality during a 6-year period. The remaining population was further divided into 4 subgroups based on age decades. The following groups of healthy subjects were examined based on their age: 18–29 years (mean age: 23.6±2.8 years, 45 males out of 94), 30–39 years (mean age: 33.7±2.8 years, 27 males out of 34), 40–49 years (mean age: 43.4±3.4 years, 11 males out of 17) and 50+ years (mean age: 56.4±5.3 years, 12 males out of 27). All subjects underwent a complete 2D echocardiographic and Doppler assessment with negative results. None of the healthy subjects showed more than grade 1 valvular regurgitation or significant stenosis on any valves.
Results
The mean LV radial (RS), circumferential (CS), longitudinal (LS), 3D (3DS) and area (AS) strains proved to be 27.7±8.8%, −28.6±4.8%, −16.9±2.4%, 30.2±8.8% and −41.4±4.9%, respectively. While global LV-RS and LV-3DS showed an increase-decrease-increase pattern, LV-CS, LV-LS and LV-AS were somewhat lower in older ages. Only global LV-LS showed gender-dependency with higher values in females. Although somewhat higher LV-RS and LV-3DS and lower LV-CS, LV-LS and LV-AS could be measured in males, clear gender-dependency could not be detected in different age decades. The measurements were performed between 2011 and 2017, when feasibility of 3DSTE analysis improved as the operators gained experience. The number of adequate measurements proved to be 172 out of 296 (58% success ratio) for the overall time-period. For the last year, the number of good quality measurements, therefore the success ratio improved significantly (47 out of 59, 80%, p=0.001).
Conclusions
Normal reference values of 3DSTE-derived global, segmental, mean segmental and regional LV strains have been determined in healthy adult subjects based on real-life clinical experience. Age-, gender- and functional non-uniformity of LV strains were also defined.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
Normal reference values of left atrial volumes and volume‐based functional properties using three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography in healthy adults (Insights from the MAGYAR‐Healthy Study)
