Unbiased stereological estimation of the rat fetal pituitary volume and of the total number and volume of TSH cells after maternal dexamethasone application

Abstract The histological changes observed in the pituitary corticotrophs, gonadotrophs, adrenocortical tissues and testicular cells in M. vittatus (Bloch, 1794) have been studies during growth, maturation and spawning phases. The studies based on the changes observed in the cell types, shape and size of the cells of the adrenocortical tissues, testes and the overall percentage of gonadotroph (GTH) and thyrotroph (TSH) cells of the pituitary. However, during growth phase, in proximal pars distalis (PPD) the considerable increment of GTH and TSH have been observed having intense aniline blue stain. The corticotrophs (ACTH) also showed significant accumulation of fuchsinophilic cytoplasmic granules. The cytoplasmic features and the architecture of the interrenal cells were well coincident with the increase of different spermatogenic cells. During the maturation phase dense granulation in the GTH and TSH cells appeared to be concomitant with the spermiation. The amount of cytoplasmic granules of the interrenal cells increased than chromaffin cells and was well coincidence with the increase of spermatids and spermatozoa. The hyperactive and vacuolated features of the interrenal cells during spawning phase appeared to be concomitant with the final process of spermiation.

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IDENTIFICATION OF ACTH CELLS AND TSH CELLS IN RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY WITH THE UNLABELED ANTIBODY ENZYME METHOD ON ADJACENT THIN AND THICK SECTIONS

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA ◽

10.1267/ahc.13.627 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 627-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

YASUYUKI KAWARAI

Keyword(s):

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Tsh Cells ◽

Enzyme Method ◽

Unlabeled Antibody

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Argyrophil pituitary tumors showing TSH cells or small granule cells

Virchows Archiv A Pathological Anatomy and Histology ◽

10.1007/bf00432473 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 381 (3) ◽

pp. 295-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carlo Capella ◽

Luciana Usellini ◽

Bruno Frigerio ◽

Roberto Buffa ◽

Paolo Fontana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Granule Cells ◽

Pituitary Tumors ◽

Small Granule ◽

Tsh Cells ◽

Small Granule Cells

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Increased avidity for Dpp/BMP2 maintains the proliferation of eye progenitors in Drosophila

10.1101/032995 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Marta Neto ◽

Fernando Casares

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Normal Development ◽

Local Environment ◽

Proliferative Potential ◽

Normal Organ ◽

Extracellular Signals ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components ◽

Tsh Cells

During normal organ development, the progenitor cell state is transient: it depends on specific combinations of transcription factors and extracellular signals, that cooperate to sustain the proliferative potential and undifferentiated status of organ progenitor cells. Not surprisingly, abnormal maintenance of progenitor transcription factors may lead to tissue overgrowth, and the concurrence of specific signals from the local environment is often critical to trigger this overgrowth. Therefore, the identification of the specific combinations of transcription factors and signals that promote or oppose proliferation in progenitor cells is essential to understand normal development and disease. We have investigated this issue by asking what signals may promote the proliferation of eye progenitors in Drosophila. Two transcription factors, the MEIS1 homologue homothorax (hth) and the Zn-finger teashirt (tsh) are transiently expressed in eye progenitors causing the expansion of the progenitor pool. However, if their co-expression is maintained experimentally, cell proliferation continues and differentiation is halted. Here we show that Hth+Tsh-induced tissue overgrowth requires the BMP2 ligand Dpp and the activation of its pathway. In Hth+Tsh cells, the Dpp pathway is abnormally hyperactivated. Rather than using autocrine Dpp expression, Hth+Tsh cells increase their avidity for Dpp, produced locally, by upregulating extracellular matrix components. During normal development, Dpp represses hth and tsh ensuring that the progenitor state is transient. However, cells in which Hth+Tsh expression is maintained use Dpp to enhance their proliferation.

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Pituitary thyrotropic cells are affected by steroid hormones

Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija ◽

10.2298/jmh0303185s ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 185-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milka Sekulic

Keyword(s):

Gonadal Steroids ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Delayed Differentiation ◽

Rat Pituitary ◽

Tsh Cells ◽

Thyrotropic Cells ◽

Heterogeneous Tissue ◽

Subcellular Level ◽

Long Term Studies

The pituitary gland is a heterogeneous tissue comprised of several hormone-secreting cells most of which are targeted by sex steroids. Our long-term studies were concentrated on the response of rat pituitary TSH cells to gonadal steroids applied to animals of different age. With this goal, we examined immunoreactive and morphometric, as well as subcellular organization of pituitary TSH cells in rats of both sexes after neonatal and perinatal estradiol-dipropionate (EDP) treatment. The results undoubtedly indicated persistent EDP-related inhibitory changes of tyrotrophs up to the adulthood. At the subcellular level, a delayed differentiation of TSH cells was noticed. Besides, a special attention has been paid to the changes in the structure of immunoreactive TSH cells of middle-aged (14-month-old) rat females, chronically treated with EDP, calcium (Ca) or a combination of EDP and Ca. Based on our results it can be concluded that both EDP and Ca act inhibiting the thyrotrophs under the applied experimental conditions.

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Immunocytochemistry of TSH cells during development of the dwarf mutant mouse

Anatomy and Embryology ◽

10.1007/bf00824343 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 174 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Doris B. Wilson ◽

Darlene P. Wyatt

Keyword(s):

Mutant Mouse ◽

Dwarf Mutant ◽

Tsh Cells

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Immunocytochemistry of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/24.7.60435 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 846-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

G C Moriarty

Keyword(s):

Secretory Granules ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Type I ◽

Glycoprotein Hormones ◽

Type Ii ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Tsh Cells ◽

Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽

Lh Cells ◽

Stimulating Hormone

The storage sites of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones were identified with the use of electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques and antisera to the beta (beta) chains of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH cells in normal rats is ovoid or angular and contains small granules 60-160 nm in diameter. In TSH cells hypertrophied 45 days after thyroidectomy, staining is in globular patches in granules or diffusely distributed in the expanded profiles of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The gonadotrophs (FSH and LH cells) exhibited three different morphologies. Type I cells are ovoid with a population of large granules and a population of small granules. Staining for FSHbeta or LHbeta was intense and specific only in the large granules (diameter of 400 nm or greater). Type II cells are angular or stellate and contain numerous secretory granules averaging 200-220 nm in diameter. They predominate during stages in the estrous cycle when FSH or LH secretion is high. Type III cells look like adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) cells in that they are stellate with peripherally arranged granules. They generally stain only with anti-FSHbeta and their staining can not be abolished by the addition of 100 ng ACTH. In preliminary quantitative studies of cycling females, we found that on serial sections FSH cells and LH cells show similar shifts to a more angular population of cells during stages of active secretion. However, the shifts are not in phase with one another. Furthermore, there are at least 1.5 times more FSH cells than LH cells at all stages of the cycle. Our collection of serial cells shows that some cells (usually type I or II) stain for both gonadotropic hormones, whereas others (usually type II or III) contain only one.

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A COMPARISON OF ALCIAN BLUE-ALDEHYDE FUCHSIN AND PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY STAINING TECHNIQUES IN THE RAT ADENOHYPOPHYSIS

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/18.6.450 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 450-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ALICE E. SWOPE ◽

RAYMOND H. KAHN ◽

JAMES L. CONKLIN

Keyword(s):

Alcian Blue ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Anterior Lobe ◽

Female Rats ◽

Intermediate Lobe ◽

Antibody Staining ◽

Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽

Tsh Cells ◽

Staining Techniques ◽

Lh Cells

The peroxidase-labeled antibody (P-Ab) technique was compared on adjacent sections with a permanganate-Alcian Blue (AB)-aldehyde fuchsin (AF) procedure on the anterior pituitary gland of young adult, female rats. The cells that stained with both AB and AF (AB, AF+) were large and polygonal and frequently possessed long processes; these cells correspond to those which reacted with the TSH antibody. The cells that stained only with AF reacted with the FSH antibody in the P-Ab technique and the cells which reacted with the LH antibody were not stained with either AB or AF.AB,AF+ cells ("TSH" cells) were distributed throughout the anterior lobe except along the lateral and dorsal peripheries of the gland and adjacent to the intermediate lobe, while both the AF+ ("FSH" cells) and the "LH" cells were distributed throughout the anterior lobe.

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