Mechanisms of ozone-induced inhibitory effect of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on alveolar macrophage-mediated immunosuppressive activity in rats

Alveolar macrophages, which are cells derived from blood monocytes, accumulate within the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. One mechanism to account for this accumulation of alveolar macrophages may be an increase in the migration of blood monocytes into the lungs of smokers. To evaluate this hypothesis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from 15 smokers and 16 nonsmokers. The smokers' BALF possessed a significantly increased capacity to attract normal blood monocytes when evaluated using a blind-well chamber technique (26.2 +/- 7.6 vs 14.8 +/- 6.9 cells/high-power field, P less than 0.01). Checkerboard analysis of the activity revealed that it was predominantly chemokinetic. Partial characterization of the activity in smokers' BALF revealed that it was lipid soluble but only partially sensitive to trypsin and heat. The chemokinetic activity correlated with alveolar macrophage numbers in the BALF (r = 0.4391, P = 0.009). Furthermore, both the chemokinetic activity and alveolar macrophage number correlated with alterations of respiratory function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and forced expiratory flow at 75% of the vital capacity). These results suggest that the increase in alveolar macrophage number present in the BALF of cigarette smokers may be due, at least in part, to an increased amount of chemokinetic factor(s) in the smokers' BALF, and these factor(s) may participate in the decline of respiratory function associated with cigarette smoking, probably by recruiting monocytes into lung.

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Inhibitory Effect of n-butanol Fraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds on Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in a Guinea Pig Model of Asthma

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581809345165 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 519-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Shailaja G. Mahajan ◽

Aryamitra Banerjee ◽

Bhupendrasinh F. Chauhan ◽

Harish Padh ◽

Manish Nivsarkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Airway Inflammation ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringaceae, which belongs to the Moringa oleifera Lam. family, is a well-known herb used in Asian medicine as an antiallergic drug. In the present study, the efficacy of the n-butanol extract of the seeds of the plant (MONB) is examined against ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs. The test drugs (MONB or dexamethasone) are administered orally prior to challenge with aerosolized 0.5% ovalbumin. During the experimental period, bronchoconstriction tests are performed, and lung function parameters are measured. The blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are collected to assess cellular content, and serum is used for cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, and interleukin-6) assays. Histamine assays of lung tissue are performed using lung tissue homogenate. The results suggest that in ovalbumin-sensitized model control animals, tidal volume is decreased, respiration rate is increased, and both the total and differential cell counts in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are increased significantly compared with nonsensitized controls. MONB treatment shows improvement in all parameters except bronchoalveolar lavage tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-4. Moreover, MONB treatment demonstrates protection against acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. These results indicate that MONB has an inhibitory effect on airway inflammation. Thus, MONB possesses an antiasthmatic property through modulation of the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalances.

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Smoking Cessation Rapidly Reduces Cell Recovery in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, While Alveolar Macrophage Fluorescence Remains High

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.101.4.989 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 989-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

C.M. Sköld ◽

J. Hed ◽

A. Eklund

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Alveolar Macrophage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Cell Recovery

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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

Journal of Visualized Experiments ◽

10.3791/59427 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Syim Salahuddin ◽

Elaine Thomson ◽

Oussama Méziane ◽

Omar Farnos ◽

Amélie Pagliuzza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Alveolar Macrophage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Hiv Reservoir ◽

Reservoir Assessment

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The Effect of High Temperature on Alveolar Macrophage Counts in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of F344 Rats.

Experimental Animals ◽

10.1538/expanim.51.505 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 505-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shoji YAMAMOTO ◽

Katsunori SATO

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Alveolar Macrophage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

F344 Rats

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Delayed neonatal lung macrophage differentiation in a mouse model of in utero ethanol exposure

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.90609.2008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (1) ◽

pp. L8-L16 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Theresa W. Gauthier ◽

Xiao-Du Ping ◽

Levan Gabelaia ◽

Lou Ann S. Brown

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Alveolar Macrophage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Oxidant Stress ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Ethanol Exposure ◽

Macrophage Differentiation ◽

Fetal Ethanol

We have previously demonstrated that fetal ethanol exposure deranges the function and viability of the neonatal alveolar macrophage. Although altered differentiation of the alveolar macrophage contributes to pulmonary disease states within the adult lung, the effects of fetal ethanol exposure on the normal differentiation of interstitial to alveolar macrophage in the newborn lung are unknown. In the current study, using a mouse model of fetal ethanol exposure, we hypothesized that altered terminal differentiation of the neonatal interstitial to alveolar macrophage contributes to the observed cellular dysfunction in the ethanol-exposed newborn mouse. Control alveolar macrophage differentiation was characterized by increased expression of CD32/CD11b ( P ≤ 0.05) and increased in vitro phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus ( P ≤ 0.05) compared with interstitial macrophage. After in utero ethanol exposure, both alveolar and interstitial macrophage lacked the acquisition of CD32/CD11b ( P ≤ 0.05) and displayed impaired in vitro phagocytosis ( P ≤ 0.05). Ethanol significantly increased transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( P ≤ 0.05), as well as in both interstitial and alveolar macrophages ( P ≤ 0.05). Oxidant stress contributed to the ethanol-induced changes on the interstitial and alveolar cells, since maternal supplementation with the glutathione precursor S-adenosylmethionine during ethanol ingestion normalized CD32/CD11b ( P ≤ 0.05), phagocytosis ( P ≤ 0.05), and TGF-β1in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and macrophages ( P ≤ 0.05). Contrary to our hypothesis, fetal ethanol exposure did not solely impair interstitial to alveolar macrophage differentiation. Rather, fetal ethanol exposure impaired both neonatal interstitial and alveolar macrophage phagocytic function and differentiation. Increased oxidant stress and elevated TGF-β1contributed to the impaired differentiation of both interstitial and alveolar macrophage.

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